Question 1

Which subatomic particle is responsible for the atomic number of an element, and what is its charge?

Accepted Answer

Proton; positive charge

Question 2

A carbon atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is its mass number?

Accepted Answer

$$12$$

Question 3

Which statement best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass number

Question 4

Which of the following is a trace element in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Iron (Fe)

Question 5

If an atom has 11 protons and 12 neutrons, what is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number $$= 11$$, Mass number $$= 23$$

Question 6

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between two nonmetals?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 7

What is the main difference between a suspension and a solution?

Accepted Answer

Suspensions have large, unevenly distributed particles that settle out; solutions have extremely small, evenly distributed particles that do not settle out

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are most stable when their valence shell contains 8 electrons

Question 9

A sodium atom ($$Na) $$loses one electron to form $$Na^+. $$What type of bond will it form with a chloride ion ($$Cl^-$$)?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 10

Which of the following is true about hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

They are weak attractions between the positive end of one dipole and the negative end of another dipole

Question 11

Which type of chemical reaction is represented by $$AB \rightarrow A + B$$ and is usually exergonic?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic reaction

Question 12

In the reaction $$HCl + NaOH \rightarrow H_2O + NaCl$$, what type of reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Exchange reaction

Question 13

Which statement about redox reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

The reactant that loses electrons is oxidized

Question 14

Which of the following factors will increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Adding a catalyst

Question 15

What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower activation energy and increase reaction rate

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of an endergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic reaction

Question 17

A molecule of water ($$H_2O) is $$formed by which type of chemical bond between hydrogen and oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why water has a high surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules

Question 19

If a radioactive isotope of iodine is used to treat thyroid cancer, which property of the isotope is being utilized?

Accepted Answer

Its unstable nucleus that emits radiation

Question 20

Which equation correctly represents a reversible chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \leftrightarrow H_2CO_3$$

The Chemistry of Life: Atoms, Elements, and Atomic Structure

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