$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the atomic structure of a neutral sodium (Na) atom?

Accepted Answer

11 protons, 12 neutrons, 11 electrons

Question 2

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four major elements that make up the human body?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus (P)

Question 3

A molecule of water (H$$_2O) is $$held together by which type of bond between its atoms?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 4

Which statement correctly explains why sodium chloride (NaCl) forms an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

Sodium donates an electron to chlorine, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the Duet Rule as it applies to hydrogen?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen is stable with 2 electrons in its outer shell

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct example of a molecule that is also a compound?

Accepted Answer

H$$_2O$$

Question 7

What is the main reason water has a high heat capacity, making it important for thermoregulation in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules require significant energy to break

Question 8

Which of the following best describes an antioxidant?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that donates electrons to neutralize free radicals

Question 9

Which of the following statements about valence electrons is correct?

Accepted Answer

Valence electrons determine the chemical reactivity of an atom

Question 10

Which of the following is a property of hydrophilic solutes?

Accepted Answer

They dissolve easily in water due to their polar nature

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between organic and inorganic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Organic molecules contain carbon and are typically found in living organisms, while inorganic molecules do not contain carbon

Question 12

Which equation correctly represents the release of energy from ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 13

A cation is formed when an atom:

Accepted Answer

Loses electrons and becomes positively charged

Question 14

Which of the following molecules is nonpolar?

Accepted Answer

N$$_2$$

Question 15

Which property of water allows insects to walk on its surface?

Accepted Answer

Surface tension

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why unstable atoms are important in biological processes?

Accepted Answer

Unstable atoms readily form bonds, driving chemical reactions necessary for life

Question 17

Which of the following is true about electrolytes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Electrolytes are ions that help maintain fluid balance and conduct electrical signals

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

An energy relationship or attractive force between atoms

Question 19

Which of the following elements is a trace element in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Iron (Fe)

Question 20

Which statement about the periodic table is correct?

Accepted Answer

Nonmetals are found to the right of the red 'staircase' line

The Chemistry of Life: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions