$$\text{Glucose} \rightarrow 2 \text{ ATP} + 2 \text{ Lactic acid}$$

Question 1

Which process is responsible for propelling food forward through the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Question 2

What is the primary function of bile in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Emulsifying lipids

Question 3

Which cell type in the stomach produces pepsinogen?

Accepted Answer

Chief cells

Question 4

Which adaptation allows the stomach to withstand its own acidic environment?

Accepted Answer

Alkaline mucus coating and tight junctions

Question 5

Where does most nutrient absorption occur in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Jejunum

Question 6

Which structure increases the surface area for absorption in the small intestine the most?

Accepted Answer

Circular folds (plicae circulares)

Question 7

Which enzyme is responsible for the initial breakdown of starch in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 8

Which hormone stimulates increased secretion of gastric juice and muscular churning in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Question 9

Which metabolic process involves the synthesis of new glucose from fatty acids and amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 10

During excessive fat breakdown, which compound is produced that can lead to ketoacidosis?

Accepted Answer

Ketones

Question 11

Which organ is responsible for converting toxic ammonia into urea?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

Accepted Answer

Secreting digestive enzymes

Question 13

Which equation best represents the net ATP yield from aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$36-38 	ext{ ATP}$$

Question 14

Where is Vitamin K produced in the human body?

Accepted Answer

By bacteria in the cecum (large intestine)

Question 15

Which process is classified as an anabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 16

Which of the following statements about brush border enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are required for final digestion of carbohydrates and proteins

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT absorbed in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 18

Which equation represents the products of anaerobic respiration (fermentation) from one glucose molecule in human cells?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} ightarrow 2 	ext{ ATP} + 2 	ext{ Lactic acid}$$

Question 19

Which organ stores bile before it is released into the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

Gallbladder

Question 20

A patient presents with muscle fatigue after intense exercise. Which process is most likely responsible for this symptom?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic respiration producing lactic acid

The Digestive System and Body Metabolism — Comprehensive Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions