Q: Which of the following equations best represents the factors affecting the concentration of free hormone in the blood?

$$[H_{free}] = \frac{\text{Rate of secretion} - \text{Rate of metabolism}}{\text{Amount bound to carrier proteins}} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary endocrine organs?

Accepted Answer

Primary endocrine organs secrete hormones as their main function, while secondary endocrine organs secrete hormones as a secondary function.

Question 2

A patient presents with rapid heart rate, weight loss, anxiety, and excessive sweating. Which hormone imbalance is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism due to excess thyroid hormone.

Question 3

Which hormone is released in response to increased plasma solute concentration and acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 4

The release of tropic hormones from the anterior pituitary is regulated by which of the following pathways?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system

Question 5

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and is involved in establishing circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 6

A patient with persistent fatigue, muscle aches, weight gain, and dry skin is most likely suffering from which condition?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Question 7

Which hormone decreases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone cells to take up calcium?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 8

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex and regulates sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 9

Which of the following is a negative feedback loop involving humoral signaling?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood potassium levels by aldosterone

Question 10

Which hormone is secreted by beta cells in the pancreas and stimulates target cells to take up glucose and generate ATP?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 11

A patient with weight gain in the neck and upper back and a hump on the cervical region is most likely suffering from which endocrine disorder?

Accepted Answer

Cushing’s disease

Question 12

Which hormone is released by the anterior pituitary in response to Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) and stimulates egg development in females and sperm development in males?

Accepted Answer

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Question 13

Which hormone is secreted by the parathyroid glands and increases blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Question 14

Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus and stimulates the anterior pituitary to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

Accepted Answer

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH)

Question 15

Which hormone is released by the adrenal medulla and accounts for 80% of its secretions, increasing heart rate during stress?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 16

Which hormone is released by the placenta and can be used to determine pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 17

Which hormone is released by alpha cells in the pancreas and increases blood glucose levels by initiating the breakdown of glycogen in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 18

Which hormone is released by the thymus gland and is involved in programming T lymphocytes for their function in destroying viruses?

Accepted Answer

Thymosin

Question 19

Which of the following equations best represents the factors affecting the concentration of free hormone in the blood?

Accepted Answer

$$[H_{free}] = \frac{	ext{Rate of secretion} - 	ext{Rate of metabolism}}{	ext{Amount bound to carrier proteins}} $$

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with Addison’s disease. Which hormone is most likely deficient, and what is a common symptom?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol; fatigue and low blood pressure

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

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