Question 1

Which of the following best describes a key similarity between the endocrine and nervous systems in terms of intercellular communication?

Accepted Answer

Both systems use chemical messengers to regulate physiological processes in the body.

Question 2

Which of the following hormones is classified as a peptide hormone?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 3

A patient presents with symptoms of fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. Laboratory tests reveal low levels of thyroxine ($T_4$) and high levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Which gland is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the negative feedback mechanism in hormonal action?

Accepted Answer

An increase in hormone levels inhibits further hormone release.

Question 5

The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary gland primarily through which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Release of regulatory hormones into the hypophyseal portal system

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the hormone oxytocin released by the posterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates milk ejection during breastfeeding

Question 7

A patient with a tumor in the parathyroid gland is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood calcium levels

Question 8

Which hormone is produced by the adrenal medulla and is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body?

Accepted Answer

Promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 11

A patient with hypersecretion of growth hormone during adulthood is likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 12

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and helps regulate circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Regulates sodium and potassium balance by increasing sodium reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 14

A patient is experiencing symptoms of Cushing's syndrome. Which hormone is most likely elevated in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 15

Which of the following is a direct effect of parathyroid hormone ($PTH$) on the body?

Accepted Answer

Increases calcium reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 16

A patient with Addison's disease is likely to have which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Hypotension and hyponatremia

Question 17

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of glucose from the liver during fasting?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 18

A patient with a pituitary tumor is found to have elevated levels of prolactin. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to be observed?

Accepted Answer

Galactorrhea (inappropriate lactation)

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why steroid hormones can pass through cell membranes while peptide hormones cannot?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble, allowing them to diffuse through the lipid bilayer.

Question 20

A patient is found to have a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone ($ADH$). Which of the following laboratory findings would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Increased urine output and decreased urine osmolality

The Endocrine System: Overview and Key Concepts

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards