Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands are ductless and secrete hormones into the blood, while exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts that empty onto surfaces or cavities.

Question 2

A patient presents with excessive thirst and urination. Laboratory tests reveal low levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes insipidus

Question 3

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the growth of ovarian follicles and sperm production?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 4

A person with hypersecretion of growth hormone during adulthood is likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the mechanism of action for nonsteroid (protein) hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to membrane receptors and activate second messengers such as cAMP to regulate cellular activity.

Question 6

Which hormone decreases blood calcium concentration by inhibiting bone breakdown?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 7

A patient with exophthalmos, restlessness, and increased metabolic rate is most likely suffering from which endocrine disorder?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease)

Question 8

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex and is primarily responsible for increasing blood sodium and decreasing potassium concentrations?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct description of negative feedback in hormone regulation?

Accepted Answer

A mechanism that reverses the direction of a change in a physiological system.

Question 10

A patient with a painless enlarged thyroid and a history of dietary iodine deficiency is most likely to have which condition?

Accepted Answer

Goiter

Question 11

Which hormone is secreted by the pancreatic beta cells and lowers blood glucose by increasing cellular uptake?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 12

Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland and helps regulate the body’s internal clock?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 13

A patient with high blood glucose, glycosuria, and target cell insensitivity to insulin is most likely to have which type of diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Question 14

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during labor and milk ejection during breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 15

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is involved in the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 16

Which hormone is produced by the thymus and is essential for immune system development?

Accepted Answer

Thymosin

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the action of steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to intracellular receptors and influence gene expression by acting on DNA.

Question 18

Which hormone is secreted by the parathyroid glands and increases blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 19

Which hormone is secreted by the heart and stimulates sodium loss from the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)

Question 20

A patient presents with masculinization of features and a diagnosis of a virilizing tumor. Which hormone is most likely being hypersecreted?

Accepted Answer

Androgens

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Disorders

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