Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary difference between hormonal and neural control of body functioning?

Accepted Answer

Hormonal control is slower but longer-lasting, while neural control is faster and short-lived.

Question 2

A patient presents with abnormally high blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 3

Which of the following glands is NOT considered a major endocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Sweat gland

Question 4

Which hormone is released in response to low blood glucose and acts to raise blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for water-soluble hormones?

Accepted Answer

They use second messenger systems such as $$cAMP$$ and $$PIP_2$$–$$Ca^{2+}.$$

Question 6

Amino acid–based hormones are generally unable to cross the cell membrane. Which property explains this?

Accepted Answer

They are water-soluble.

Question 7

Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary and is involved in water balance?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 8

A patient with Addison’s disease has impaired adrenal cortex function. Which hormone deficiency would most likely contribute to low blood sodium and high blood potassium?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a hormonal stimulus for hormone release?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary hormone stimulating the thyroid gland

Question 10

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. Which hormone is likely elevated?

Accepted Answer

T3 and T4

Question 12

Which hormone is released by the pancreas and acts to lower blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 13

Which hormone is released in darkness and helps regulate the sleep cycle?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 14

Which hormone is produced by the parathyroid gland and increases blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 15

Which of the following is a steroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 16

Which hormone is secreted by the placenta and is used as a marker for pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

Question 17

Which hormone stimulates milk production in the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the negative feedback mechanism in hormone regulation?

Accepted Answer

A hormone inhibits its own release when its effects are achieved.

Question 19

A patient with a tumor in the anterior pituitary is found to have elevated ACTH. Which organ is most likely to be affected by this hormone?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal cortex

Question 20

Which of the following equations best represents the negative feedback regulation of blood glucose by insulin?

Accepted Answer

If $$[Glucose]$$ increases, then $$[Insulin]$$ increases, leading to $$[Glucose]$$ decrease.

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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