Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system acts through electrical impulses and neurotransmitters for localized, short-duration responses, while the endocrine system acts through hormones for generalized, long-duration responses.

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of myxedema, including lethargy, weight gain, and low metabolic rate. Which hormone deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone (TH)

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of cellular metabolism and energy balance

Question 4

Which gland is responsible for secreting hormones that regulate blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid gland

Question 5

A patient with a tumor causing excessive ACTH secretion is most likely to develop which syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Question 6

Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary gland and is responsible for water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a humoral stimulus for hormone release?

Accepted Answer

Declining blood Ca$$^{2+}$$ concentration stimulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) release

Question 8

Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the concept of 'target cells' in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Only cells with specific receptors for a hormone are affected by that hormone.

Question 10

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in females?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 11

A patient with an enlarged thyroid gland and protruding eyes is most likely suffering from which condition?

Accepted Answer

Grave's disease

Question 12

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to sympathetic nervous system stimulation?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of hormones?

Accepted Answer

Transmit electrical impulses between neurons

Question 14

Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus to stimulate the anterior pituitary to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

Accepted Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes negative feedback regulation of hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

Increased hormone levels cause effects on target organs, which then inhibit further hormone release.

Question 16

Which hormone is secreted by the parathyroid gland and is essential for calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 17

Which of the following is a steroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 18

A patient with untreated hyposecretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is at risk for which life-threatening condition?

Accepted Answer

Addison's disease

Question 19

Which hormone is released by the heart and helps decrease blood volume and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 20

Which hormone is secreted by the thymus and is important for immune system development?

Accepted Answer

Thymosin

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Major Glands

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