Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

It uses chemical messengers to regulate long-term processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

Question 2

Which hormone is released in response to high blood glucose levels, and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; decreases blood glucose by increasing cellular uptake of glucose.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the second-messenger mechanism of hormone action?

Accepted Answer

Hormone binds to membrane receptor → activates enzyme → produces second messenger (e.g., cAMP) → cellular response.

Question 4

A patient presents with low blood calcium levels. Which hormone would you expect to be secreted in higher amounts to correct this imbalance?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why steroid hormones can directly activate genes within a target cell?

Accepted Answer

They are lipid-soluble and can diffuse through the plasma membrane to bind intracellular receptors.

Question 6

Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary and is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 7

A patient is experiencing symptoms of dehydration and low blood pressure. Which hormone is most likely to be released to help retain water and increase blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 9

Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland and is believed to regulate the sleep/wake cycle?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 10

A patient with a tumor in the adrenal medulla is likely to have elevated levels of which hormones, and what symptoms might they experience?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine and norepinephrine; symptoms include increased heart rate, high blood pressure, and rapid breathing.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the effect of aldosterone on the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

It increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.

Question 12

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production after childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of humoral stimulus for hormone release?

Accepted Answer

Rising blood glucose levels stimulating insulin release from the pancreas.

Question 14

Which hormone is antagonistic to parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the regulation of blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 15

A patient with damage to the anterior pituitary may have decreased secretion of which hormone, leading to reduced growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 16

Which hormone is produced by the placenta and is used as an indicator in pregnancy tests?

Accepted Answer

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of glucocorticoids such as cortisol?

Accepted Answer

They help the body resist long-term stress by increasing blood glucose and have anti-inflammatory effects.

Question 18

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of secondary male sex characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the pancreas is considered a mixed gland?

Accepted Answer

It has both endocrine (hormone-secreting) and exocrine (digestive enzyme-secreting) functions.

Question 20

A patient with a deficiency in thyroid hormone would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Decreased metabolic rate, fatigue, and weight gain.

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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