Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and nervous system communication?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine communication is slower but has longer-lasting effects, while nervous communication is faster but short-lived.

Question 2

A patient presents with excessive urination and dehydration. Laboratory tests reveal low levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes insipidus

Question 3

Which hormone is produced by the parafollicular (C) cells of the thyroid gland and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; lowers blood calcium levels

Question 4

Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 5

A patient with a tumor in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex would most likely have abnormal levels of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the mechanism of action for steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to intracellular receptors and directly influence gene transcription.

Question 7

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels and what is one of its effects?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone; stimulates osteoclast activity

Question 8

A patient with hyperthyroidism is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Increased metabolic rate and heat intolerance

Question 9

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the 'alarm phase' of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct pairing of hormone and its effect?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon; increases blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown

Question 11

Which hormone is released by the pineal gland and what is one of its main functions?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin; regulates circadian rhythms

Question 12

A patient with a deficiency in growth hormone (GH) during childhood would most likely present with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Dwarfism

Question 13

Which hormone is produced by the heart and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP); decreases blood pressure

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the permissive effect of hormones?

Accepted Answer

One hormone is required for another hormone to exert its full effect.

Question 15

Which hormone is released by the kidneys in response to hypoxia and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin; stimulates red blood cell production

Question 16

A patient with an adrenal medulla tumor is likely to have elevated levels of which hormone and what symptom?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine; increased heart rate

Question 17

Which hormone is necessary for normal levels of GnRH and gonadotropin synthesis and is produced by adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life example of a hormone acting through a second messenger system?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine binding to a beta-adrenergic receptor and increasing cAMP in cardiac muscle cells

Question 19

A patient with a mutation that prevents the synthesis of thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Decreased transport of thyroid hormones in the blood

Question 20

Which hormone is released by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A&P II / Chapter 18/ The Endocrine System:

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards