$$\text{Glycogen} \xrightarrow{\text{Glucagon}} \text{Glucose}$$

$$\text{CRH} \rightarrow \text{ACTH} \rightarrow \text{Cortisol}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system in terms of communication?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system communicates by means of electrical impulses, while the endocrine system communicates by means of hormones.

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Which hormone is most likely elevated in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine (T4)

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in endocrine regulation?

Accepted Answer

High blood glucose stimulates insulin release, which lowers blood glucose, reducing further insulin secretion.

Question 4

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and is responsible for water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 5

A patient with Addison’s disease is likely to have a deficiency in which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glycogen} \xrightarrow{	ext{Glucagon}} 	ext{Glucose}$$

Question 7

Which hormone is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 8

A patient with diabetes insipidus is most likely to have a deficiency in which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the role of the hypothalamus in endocrine regulation?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the central processor, integrating signals and controlling hormone release from the pituitary gland.

Question 10

Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 11

Which of the following is a direct effect of cortisol released during stress?

Accepted Answer

Suppression of the immune response

Question 12

Which hormone is released in response to low blood glucose and acts to increase blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of growth hormone (GH)?

Accepted Answer

Stimulating release of insulin from the pancreas

Question 14

Which hormone is released from the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 15

A patient with Cushing’s syndrome is likely to have an excess of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the action of insulin on target cells?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates glucose uptake and storage as glycogen.

Question 17

Which of the following hormones is produced by the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of hormone release in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{CRH} ightarrow 	ext{ACTH} ightarrow 	ext{Cortisol}$$

Question 19

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Question 20

Which of the following is a synergistic effect in hormone action?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine and norepinephrine both increase heart rate.

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Regulation - Ch. 16

Study Guide - Practice Questions