Q: Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between structure and function in anatomy and physiology?

$$ \text{Function} \propto \text{Structure} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function?

Accepted Answer

The flat surfaces of molar teeth make them ideal for grinding food.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing difficulty with gas exchange in the lungs. Which organ system is primarily responsible for this function, and what is the main survival need being affected?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory system; oxygen

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct order of structural organization in the human body, from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level

Question 4

A patient has a fever of 39°C. Which homeostatic control mechanism is most likely to be activated to restore normal body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Enhancement of labor contractions by oxytocin

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with pleurisy, an inflammation of the serous membranes. Which membranes are specifically affected?

Accepted Answer

Pleurae

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the control center in a homeostatic control system?

Accepted Answer

It determines the set point for a variable and initiates the appropriate response.

Question 8

A midsagittal plane divides the body into:

Accepted Answer

Equal right and left halves

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a necessary life function?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 10

A patient presents with a hiatal hernia, where part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity. Which two body cavities are directly involved in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away from the body

Question 12

A cross section of the body is made along which plane?

Accepted Answer

Transverse (horizontal) plane

Question 13

Which of the following statements about homeostatic imbalance is correct?

Accepted Answer

It increases the risk of disease and is associated with aging.

Question 14

A patient is experiencing pain in the right lower quadrant (RLQ) of the abdominopelvic region. Which organ is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Appendix

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of serous fluid in the ventral body cavity?

Accepted Answer

It reduces friction between the parietal and visceral serosa.

Question 16

If a patient has a cut that is superficial to the muscle but deep to the skin, where is the cut located?

Accepted Answer

In the subcutaneous tissue

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a negative feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Insulin secretion in response to high blood glucose

Question 18

A scientist is studying the microscopic structure of liver tissue. Which field of anatomy is she working in?

Accepted Answer

Histology

Question 19

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between structure and function in anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Function} \propto 	ext{Structure} $$

Question 20

A patient is unable to maintain normal blood pressure due to a malfunction in the effector component of a homeostatic control system. Which of the following best describes the role of the effector?

Accepted Answer

It provides the means to respond to a stimulus and restore balance.

The Human Body: An Orientation – Chapter 1 Study Notes

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