Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered a nonspecific defense mechanism of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Production of antibodies by plasma cells

Question 2

A patient with a genetic disorder lacks the ability to produce complement proteins. Which of the following immune responses would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of invader cell membranes via membrane attack complex

Question 3

Which process allows free macrophages to move from the bloodstream into tissues at the site of injury?

Accepted Answer

Diapedesis

Question 4

Natural Killer (NK) cells destroy abnormal cells by releasing which substance that leads to cytolysis?

Accepted Answer

Perforins

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of interferons in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They block viral replication in infected cells.

Question 6

During inflammation, which cell type is primarily responsible for releasing histamine and initiating the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Mast cells (Basophils)

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to specific (adaptive) immunity compared to nonspecific immunity?

Accepted Answer

Memory of previous antigen exposure

Question 8

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. This is an example of which type of immunity?

Accepted Answer

Natural passive immunity

Question 9

Which class of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins is found on all nucleated cells and is used to present antigens from intracellular pathogens?

Accepted Answer

MHC Class I

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct sequence of immune cell activation during the early stages of a bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils and NK cells attack first, followed by macrophages and then cytotoxic T cells

Question 11

Which immunoglobulin is most abundant in the blood and is capable of crossing the placenta to provide passive immunity to the fetus?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 12

A patient receives a vaccine containing an inactivated virus. Which type of immunity is being induced?

Accepted Answer

Artificial/Induced active immunity

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct effect of antigen-antibody complex formation?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination of antigens

Question 14

Which cell type is responsible for humoral immunity by producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells derived from B lymphocytes

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why fever can be beneficial during infection?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits some pathogens and speeds up metabolism, enhancing body defense

Question 16

A patient with HIV is described as immunodeficient. Which aspect of their immune system is most compromised?

Accepted Answer

Specific resistance due to loss of T cells

Question 17

Which of the following steps is required for the activation of T cells during cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

Recognition and binding to a matching antigen, followed by costimulation

Question 18

Which process describes the coating of antigens to enhance phagocyte binding and uptake?

Accepted Answer

Opsonization

Question 19

If a person is exposed to a pathogen and develops immunity after recovering from the infection, which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired active immunity

Question 20

Which equation best represents the process of agglutination during an immune response?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Antibody} + \mathrm{Antigen} \rightarrow \mathrm{Antigen{-}Antibody\ Complex} \rightarrow \mathrm{Clumping\ (Agglutination)}$$

The Immune System: Nonspecific and Specific Defenses

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