Q: Which equation would you use to estimate the percentage of body surface area affected by burns using the rule of nines?

$$\text{Total Burn Area} = (\text{Number of sections affected}) \times 9\%$$

Question 1

Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for shock absorption and insulation?

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that has destroyed the entire thickness of the skin, resulting in a gray-white appearance and no pain in the affected area. What type of burn is this?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn

Question 3

Which cell type in the epidermis is responsible for producing the pigment that protects against UV radiation?

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes

Question 4

A surgeon plans an incision on the skin. To promote optimal healing, the incision should be made parallel to which anatomical feature?

Accepted Answer

Cleavage (tension) lines

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of lamellar granules in the stratum granulosum?

Accepted Answer

They secrete a water-resistant glycolipid to slow water loss.

Question 6

A patient with liver disease presents with yellowing of the skin. What is the medical term for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Jaundice

Question 7

Which sweat gland type is most numerous and plays a key role in thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands

Question 8

A woman develops coarse, dark hair on her face and chest due to excess androgen production. What is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

Hirsutism

Question 9

Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 10

A patient presents with a scaly, reddened papule on the scalp that is diagnosed as a skin cancer involving keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum. What type of skin cancer is this?

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 11

Which pigment is responsible for the pinkish hue of fair skin due to its visibility through more transparent skin?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the skin’s acid mantle?

Accepted Answer

It retards bacterial multiplication due to its low pH.

Question 13

A patient is exposed to organic solvents without protection and develops kidney failure and neurological symptoms. Which property of skin allowed this to happen?

Accepted Answer

Lipid-soluble substances can penetrate the skin.

Question 14

Which structure in the dermis is responsible for detecting deep pressure and vibration?

Accepted Answer

Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles

Question 15

Which equation would you use to estimate the percentage of body surface area affected by burns using the rule of nines?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Total Burn Area} = (	ext{Number of sections affected}) 	imes 9\%$$

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of sebum produced by sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

Regulates body temperature by evaporative cooling

Question 17

A newborn presents with thickened yellow nails. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Fungal infection

Question 18

Which layer of the epidermis contains stem cells that actively divide to produce new keratinocytes?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why older adults are at increased risk for skin cancer?

Accepted Answer

Decreased number of melanocytes and dendritic cells

Question 20

Which of the following is a metabolic function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of vitamin D for calcium absorption

The Integumentary System: Structure and Function

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