Q: Which equation is used to estimate the volume of fluid loss from burns using the 'Rule of Nines'?

$$V_{loss} = \frac{TBSA \times \%burned}{100}$$

Question 1

Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for producing the fibrous protein keratin?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocytes in the epidermis

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that affects the entire thickness of the skin, resulting in a gray-white appearance and no initial pain. What type of burn is this, and what is the immediate threat to the patient?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn; dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

Question 3

Which pigment is responsible for the yellow to orange coloration most obvious in the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Carotene

Question 4

What is the main function of eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Thermoregulation through sweat production

Question 5

Which layer of the epidermis is characterized by a single row of actively mitotic stem cells?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 6

A surgeon is planning an incision and wants to minimize scarring. According to skin anatomy, incisions should be made parallel to which anatomical feature?

Accepted Answer

Cleavage (tension) lines

Question 7

Which cell type in the epidermis functions as a macrophage and helps activate the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Epidermal dendritic (Langerhans) cell

Question 8

A patient has a skin lesion that is asymmetrical, has an irregular border, multiple colors, and a diameter larger than 6 mm. Which type of skin cancer is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma

Question 9

Which layer of the dermis contains capillary loops, Meissner’s corpuscles, and free nerve endings?

Accepted Answer

Papillary layer

Question 10

What is the primary function of the arrector pili muscle?

Accepted Answer

Contracts to produce 'goose bumps'

Question 11

Which equation is used to estimate the volume of fluid loss from burns using the 'Rule of Nines'?

Accepted Answer

$$V_{loss} = \frac{TBSA 	imes \%burned}{100}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 13

A patient with male pattern baldness is experiencing hair loss due to follicular response to which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Question 14

Which type of sweat gland is most abundant on the palms, soles, and forehead, and functions in thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat gland

Question 15

Which structure is responsible for alerting the body to the presence of insects on the skin?

Accepted Answer

Hair follicle receptor (root hair plexus)

Question 16

Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the composition and function of sebum?

Accepted Answer

An oily holocrine secretion that softens hair and skin and is bactericidal

Question 18

Which of the following is a metabolic function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of vitamin D precursor

Question 19

A patient presents with localized redness, edema, and pain after touching a hot object. Which degree of burn does this represent?

Accepted Answer

First-degree burn

Question 20

Which cell type in the epidermis is responsible for touch sensation?

Accepted Answer

Tactile (Merkel) cell

The Integumentary System: Structure and Function

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