Q: Which formula is used to estimate the volume of fluid loss in burn patients?

The Rule of Nines: $$\text{Total Body Surface Area Burned} = \sum \text{Area Percentages for Each Region}$$

Question 1

Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for shock absorption and insulation?

Accepted Answer

Hypodermis (superficial fascia)

Question 2

A patient presents with a blister after a burn. Which layer(s) of the skin are most likely damaged in this case?

Accepted Answer

Epidermis and upper dermis

Question 3

Which cell type in the epidermis is responsible for producing the pigment that protects against UV damage?

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes

Question 4

Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 5

A patient with a third-degree burn on the hand is at risk for which immediate life-threatening complication?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the stratum corneum?

Accepted Answer

Barrier against biological, chemical, and physical assaults

Question 7

Which skin marking is caused by extreme stretching that tears the dermis?

Accepted Answer

Striae (stretch marks)

Question 8

Which gland is responsible for producing an oily secretion that softens hair and skin and has bactericidal properties?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland

Question 9

A patient presents with a pigmented skin lesion that is asymmetric, has irregular borders, multiple colors, and a diameter larger than 6 mm. Which type of skin cancer is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma

Question 10

Which pigment is responsible for the yellow to orange coloration of the skin and can be converted to vitamin A?

Accepted Answer

Carotene

Question 11

Which structure in the skin is responsible for the formation of fingerprints?

Accepted Answer

Dermal papillae atop dermal ridges

Question 12

Which type of sweat gland is most numerous and plays a major role in thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat gland

Question 13

Which layer of the epidermis contains a single row of actively dividing stem cells?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 14

Which cell type in the epidermis acts as a macrophage and is important for immune defense?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic (Langerhans) cell

Question 15

A patient with pale skin and anemia is likely to have which skin color change?

Accepted Answer

Pallor (blanching)

Question 16

Which structure is responsible for 'goose bumps' when exposed to cold or emotional stimuli?

Accepted Answer

Arrector pili muscle

Question 17

Which layer of the dermis provides strength, resiliency, and binds water, and is responsible for cleavage lines?

Accepted Answer

Reticular layer

Question 18

Which type of hair is pale, fine, and found on children and adult females?

Accepted Answer

Vellus hair

Question 19

Which formula is used to estimate the volume of fluid loss in burn patients?

Accepted Answer

The Rule of Nines: $$	ext{Total Body Surface Area Burned} = \sum 	ext{Area Percentages for Each Region}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial in thick skin?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

The Integumentary System: Structure and Function of Skin

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