Q: Which formula correctly represents the time it takes for a keratinocyte to migrate from the stratum basale to the surface of the skin?

$t = 25 \text{ to } 45 \text{ days}$

Question 1

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for actively dividing cells and is directly attached to the dermis?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 2

A patient presents with a yellowish tint to their skin and the whites of their eyes. Which pigment is most likely responsible for this coloration, and what condition does it indicate?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin; jaundice

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of melanocytes in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Produce melanin to protect keratinocytes' DNA from UV damage

Question 4

The dermis is composed primarily of which type of tissue, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Dense irregular connective tissue; provides strength and elasticity

Question 5

Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 6

A person with a bluish tint to their skin is likely experiencing which condition, and what is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Cyanosis; low oxygenation of hemoglobin

Question 7

Which cell type in the epidermis acts as a key activator of the immune system and arises from bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic (Langerhans) cells

Question 8

The papillary layer of the dermis is primarily composed of which type of connective tissue, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Areolar connective tissue; supports immune cells and provides nutrients

Question 9

Which structure in the skin is responsible for producing fingerprints and enhancing gripping ability?

Accepted Answer

Papillary layer of the dermis

Question 10

A patient with excessive exposure to sunlight develops leathery skin and an increased risk of DNA mutations. Which vitamin deficiency is particularly dangerous for developing embryos in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Folic acid

Question 11

Which layer of the epidermis contains cells that produce a water-resistant glycolipid and where organelles begin to disintegrate?

Accepted Answer

Stratum granulosum

Question 12

What is the primary function of the stratum corneum?

Accepted Answer

Provide a barrier against biological, chemical, and physical assaults

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why bruises appear as black-and-blue marks on the skin?

Accepted Answer

Clotted blood beneath the skin, referred to as ecchymoses or hematomas

Question 14

Which formula correctly represents the time it takes for a keratinocyte to migrate from the stratum basale to the surface of the skin?

Accepted Answer

$t = 25 	ext{ to } 45 	ext{ days}$

Question 15

A patient presents with hyperpigmented dark areas in the axillae and around the neck. What underlying condition might this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Insulin resistance and elevated blood glucose levels

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 17

Which layer of the dermis is responsible for most of the skin's strength and elasticity, and what percentage of dermal thickness does it make up?

Accepted Answer

Reticular layer; 80%

Question 18

Which pigment is produced only by melanocytes and is responsible for shielding DNA from UV sunlight?

Accepted Answer

Melanin

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of tactile (Merkel) cells in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Sense touch at the epidermal-dermal junction

Question 20

A patient develops fluid-filled pockets that separate epidermal and dermal layers after acute, short-term trauma. What are these called?

Accepted Answer

Blisters

The Integumentary System: Structure and Function of Skin

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