Q: Which equation best represents the calculation for estimating the percentage of body surface area affected by burns using the rule of nines?

$$\text{Total Burn Area} = (\text{Number of sections affected}) \times 9\%$$

Question 1

Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for shock absorption and insulation?

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that is red, swollen, and painful, but does not have blisters. Which type of burn is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

First-degree burn

Question 3

Which cell type in the epidermis is responsible for producing the pigment that protects against UV radiation?

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes

Question 4

Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 5

A surgeon makes an incision parallel to cleavage (tension) lines in the skin. What is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

The incision will heal more readily with less scarring.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Thermoregulation through sweat production

Question 7

A patient has a bluish tint to their skin (cyanosis). What is the most likely underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Low oxygenation of hemoglobin

Question 8

Which structure in the skin is responsible for detecting deep pressure and vibration?

Accepted Answer

Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscle

Question 9

Which pigment is most responsible for the yellow to orange coloration in the skin, especially in the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Carotene

Question 10

A patient presents with thickened, yellow nails. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Fungal infection

Question 11

Which layer of the epidermis contains actively dividing stem cells and is firmly attached to the dermis?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 12

Which type of skin cancer is most likely to metastasize and is highly resistant to chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma

Question 13

A patient has a burn covering 15% of their body, including the face and hands, and the burn is full-thickness. According to the rule of nines, how should this burn be classified?

Accepted Answer

Critical; \u003e10% of body has third-degree burns and involves face/hands

Question 14

Which of the following substances can penetrate the physical barrier of the skin most easily?

Accepted Answer

Lipid-soluble substances

Question 15

Which gland is responsible for producing sebum, an oily secretion that softens hair and skin?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland

Question 16

A patient is experiencing excessive hair thinning after a stressful event such as surgery. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Telogen effluvium

Question 17

Which layer of the dermis is responsible for forming friction ridges that enhance gripping ability and contribute to fingerprints?

Accepted Answer

Papillary dermis

Question 18

Which of the following is a metabolic function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of vitamin D for calcium absorption

Question 19

A patient presents with brown or black patches of thickened skin folds. Which underlying condition should be considered?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine disorder

Question 20

Which equation best represents the calculation for estimating the percentage of body surface area affected by burns using the rule of nines?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Total Burn Area} = (	ext{Number of sections affected}) 	imes 9\%$$

The Integumentary System: Structure and Function

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