Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the hypodermis?

Accepted Answer

It anchors the skin to underlying structures and acts as a shock absorber.

Question 2

A patient presents with a bluish discoloration of the skin (cyanosis). Which physiological condition is most likely responsible for this appearance?

Accepted Answer

Low oxygenation of hemoglobin in the blood

Question 3

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the generation of new keratinocytes through mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 4

A surgeon is planning an incision on the skin. To minimize scarring and promote faster healing, the incision should be made:

Accepted Answer

Parallel to cleavage (tension) lines

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the layers of the epidermis in thick skin, from deep to superficial?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with melanoma. Which of the following characteristics is NOT typically used in the ABCD rule for early detection?

Accepted Answer

Consistency

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why third-degree burns are often not painful at the site of injury?

Accepted Answer

Nerve endings in the affected area are destroyed.

Question 8

A 30-year-old woman presents with excessive hair growth on her face and chest. Laboratory tests reveal elevated androgen levels. Which condition is most likely responsible for her symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Hirsutism

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Thermoregulation through evaporative cooling

Question 10

A patient with a severe burn is at immediate risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

Question 11

Which pigment is produced in the skin and is responsible for protecting DNA from UV radiation?

Accepted Answer

Melanin

Question 12

A patient presents with yellow-tinged skin and eyes. Which underlying condition is most likely responsible for this presentation?

Accepted Answer

Liver disorder causing jaundice

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of dendritic (Langerhans) cells in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

They act as immune cells by presenting antigens to white blood cells.

Question 14

A patient is exposed to a heavy metal, such as mercury, which passes through the skin. Which of the following is a potential consequence?

Accepted Answer

Damage to multiple organ systems, including the brain and kidneys

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct formula for estimating the percentage of body surface area affected by burns using the Rule of Nines?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Total Burn Area} = (	ext{Head and neck}) + (	ext{Each arm}) + (	ext{Each leg}) + (	ext{Trunk}) + (	ext{Perineum}) $$

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the acid mantle of the skin?

Accepted Answer

It retards bacterial multiplication by maintaining a low pH.

Question 17

A patient with uncontrolled diabetes develops horizontal lines across their nails (Beau's lines). What does this finding most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

A history of severe illness or metabolic stress

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why elderly individuals are more prone to skin cancer?

Accepted Answer

Decreased number of melanocytes and dendritic cells

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the process of keratinization in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocytes lose their nuclei and organelles as they move from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum.

Question 20

A patient presents with a scaly, reddened papule on the scalp that is diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Which epidermal layer is primarily involved in this cancer?

Accepted Answer

Stratum spinosum

The Integumentary System: Structure and Function (BIOL 2111, Chapter 5)

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