Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of keratinocytes in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

They produce keratin, providing the skin with its protective and waterproof characteristics.

Question 2

A patient presents with a yellowish skin tone. Which pigment and underlying condition is most likely responsible for this appearance?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin; liver disorder such as hepatitis

Question 3

A third-degree burn covers the anterior and posterior surfaces of both lower limbs and the anterior trunk. According to the Rule of Nines, what percentage of the body surface area is affected?

Accepted Answer

$36\% + 18\% = 54\%$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why the skin is able to act as a blood reservoir?

Accepted Answer

The dermis houses an extensive vascular supply that can be redirected when needed.

Question 5

A person with albinism has very light skin and hair. What is the underlying cause of this condition?

Accepted Answer

An inability of melanocytes to produce melanin.

Question 6

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for rapid cell division and is attached to the underlying dermis?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale (germinativum)

Question 7

A patient is experiencing excessive water loss through the skin. Which structure is most likely compromised?

Accepted Answer

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Production of sweat for thermoregulation

Question 9

A patient with a burn is found to have damage to both the epidermis and the entire dermis, with no pain in the affected area. What type of burn is this, and why is there no pain?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn; sensory nerve endings are destroyed

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of Langerhans' cells in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

They act as macrophages, activating the immune system.

Question 11

A patient presents with a bluish discoloration of the skin (cyanosis). What is the most likely physiological explanation?

Accepted Answer

Deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the hypodermis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a shock absorber and insulator due to its adipose content.

Question 13

A 25-year-old male has a mole that is asymmetrical, has irregular borders, multiple colors, and a diameter of 8 mm. According to the ABCDE rule, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Malignant melanoma

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the skin is able to regulate body temperature?

Accepted Answer

The dermis contains sweat glands that secrete sweat, which evaporates and cools the body.

Question 15

A patient with a genetic mutation is unable to produce functional vitamin D in the skin. Which process is most likely to be impaired as a result?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of dietary calcium in the intestines

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of hair?

Accepted Answer

The cortex contains pigment granules that determine hair color.

Question 17

A patient has a wound that penetrates the epidermis and reaches the papillary layer of the dermis. Which of the following structures is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Meissner's corpuscles (touch receptors)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine glands secrete a watery sweat for thermoregulation, while apocrine glands secrete a thicker sweat that may be involved in scent signaling.

Question 19

A patient with a third-degree burn is at high risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration and infection due to loss of the skin's barrier function

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the dermis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It contains two layers: the papillary layer and the reticular layer.

The Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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