Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of keratinocytes in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

They produce keratin, a protein that provides waterproofing and protection.

Question 2

A patient presents with a deep laceration that extends through the entire thickness of the skin, including both the epidermis and dermis. According to the classification of burns and wounds, what type of injury is this?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree (full-thickness) injury

Question 3

Which layer of the epidermis is found only in thick skin, such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 4

A surgeon is planning an incision on a patient's back. To minimize scarring and promote better healing, the incision should be made parallel to which anatomical feature?

Accepted Answer

Lines of cleavage (tension lines)

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the stratum lucidum appears clear under the microscope?

Accepted Answer

It contains eleidin, a transparent protein rich in lipids.

Question 6

A person with a genetic mutation that prevents the production of melanin would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Pale skin and increased risk of sunburn

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 8

A patient is experiencing excessive sweating on their palms and soles during a stressful exam. Which type of sweat gland is primarily responsible for this response?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine (merocrine) gland

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the composition and function of sebum?

Accepted Answer

An oily substance that lubricates and waterproofs skin and hair

Question 10

A patient with cyanosis is likely to have which of the following underlying conditions?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygenation of hemoglobin

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why fingerprints are left on surfaces we touch?

Accepted Answer

Sweat pores open along the crests of friction ridges, depositing sweat.

Question 12

A 30-year-old male is experiencing hair thinning and baldness. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

A genetically determined, androgen-influenced shortening of hair growth cycles

Question 13

Which of the following structures is responsible for detecting light touch at the epidermal-dermal boundary?

Accepted Answer

Merkel (tactile) cells

Question 14

A patient has a wound that is healing through the natural phases of wound healing. Which of the following is the correct order of these phases?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation, new vessel and tissue remodeling, healed wound

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue)?

Accepted Answer

It anchors the skin to underlying structures and acts as a shock absorber and insulator.

Question 16

A patient with a burn covering the anterior and posterior surfaces of both lower limbs and the anterior trunk would have what percentage of their body surface area affected, according to the Rule of Nines?

Accepted Answer

$$36\% + 18\% = 54\%$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why hair turns gray or white with age?

Accepted Answer

Decreased melanin production and replacement of pigment with air bubbles

Question 18

A patient presents with a yellow-orange discoloration of the skin, especially in the palms and soles. Which pigment is most likely responsible for this finding?

Accepted Answer

Carotene

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine glands are involved in thermoregulation, while apocrine glands are associated with stress and sexual scent.

Question 20

A patient with a deep cut on the palm of the hand is concerned about scarring. Which anatomical feature, if cut perpendicular to, increases the risk of a visible scar?

Accepted Answer

Lines of cleavage (tension lines)

The Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Components

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