Q: Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the area of a burn and the total body surface area (TBSA) using the 'rule of nines'?

$$ \text{Percent TBSA Burned} = \frac{\text{Area of Burned Region}}{\text{Total Body Surface Area}} \times 100 $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of keratinocytes in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize keratin, providing a barrier against environmental damage.

Question 2

A patient presents with a genetic disorder resulting in the inability to produce melanin. Which condition does this most likely describe?

Accepted Answer

Albinism

Question 3

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the continuous regeneration of skin cells?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 4

During a marathon, an athlete's skin becomes flushed and warm. Which physiological process is primarily responsible for this change?

Accepted Answer

Dilation of dermal blood vessels to increase heat loss

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why thick skin is found on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet?

Accepted Answer

These regions are subject to higher mechanical stress and require all five epidermal layers.

Question 6

A burn that destroys both the epidermis and the entire dermis is classified as which type of burn?

Accepted Answer

Full-thickness burn

Question 7

Which of the following statements about melanin is correct?

Accepted Answer

Melanin production increases in response to UV radiation to protect DNA.

Question 8

A patient with a deep laceration that cuts through the dermis but not the hypodermis will likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Damage to sensory receptors and possible scarring

Question 9

Which structure is responsible for the formation of fingerprints?

Accepted Answer

Dermal papillae pushing up the epidermis to form epidermal ridges

Question 10

A person with jaundice has a yellowish skin color. Which pigment is most likely responsible for this appearance?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the arrector pili muscle?

Accepted Answer

It contracts to make hair stand up, causing 'goosebumps'.

Question 12

A patient with a third-degree burn over 20% of their body surface area is at greatest risk for which immediate complication?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration due to loss of the skin barrier

Question 13

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the area of a burn and the total body surface area (TBSA) using the 'rule of nines'?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Percent TBSA Burned} = \frac{	ext{Area of Burned Region}}{	ext{Total Body Surface Area}} 	imes 100 $$

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the hypodermis?

Accepted Answer

Storage of lipids for energy and insulation

Question 15

A patient with an autoimmune disorder that destroys melanocytes develops irregular patches of depigmented skin. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Vitiligo

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why vitamin D synthesis is dependent on sunlight exposure?

Accepted Answer

UV light converts a steroid precursor in the skin to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3).

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of keratinization in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocytes lose their nuclei and fill with keratin as they move toward the surface.

Question 18

A patient with a wound that heals with excessive collagen formation resulting in a raised scar is experiencing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a keloid

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the skin is considered an organ?

Accepted Answer

It consists of multiple tissue types working together to perform specific functions.

Question 20

A patient with cyanosis has a bluish tint to their skin. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygenation of hemoglobin in the blood

The Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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