Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the stratum basale in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

It is the primary site of active mitosis, producing new keratinocytes.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that is red, swollen, and blistered, but does not involve the entire thickness of the skin. According to the classification of burns, what type of burn does this patient most likely have?

Accepted Answer

Second-degree burn

Question 3

Which pigment is produced in the skin and is responsible for protecting keratinocyte DNA from UV damage?

Accepted Answer

Melanin

Question 4

A surgeon is planning an incision on the trunk. Why is it important to consider cleavage (tension) lines in the reticular dermis?

Accepted Answer

Incisions parallel to cleavage lines heal more readily and with less scarring.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the arrector pili muscle?

Accepted Answer

Contracting to cause 'goose bumps' in response to cold or fear

Question 6

A patient with a genetic disorder has a mutation in the tyrosinase enzyme. Which skin function is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of melanin for UV protection

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the skin is considered a blood reservoir?

Accepted Answer

It can hold up to 5% of the body’s total blood volume and constrict vessels to redirect blood.

Question 8

A person with a deficiency in vitamin D synthesis due to limited sun exposure may experience which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Impaired calcium absorption in the intestine

Question 9

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the function of dendritic (Langerhans) cells in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

A cut on the skin becomes inflamed due to the activation of the immune system.

Question 10

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of thick skin compared to thin skin?

Accepted Answer

Presence of the stratum lucidum layer

Question 11

A patient presents with yellowing of the skin and sclera. Which underlying condition is most likely responsible for this presentation?

Accepted Answer

Liver disorder causing jaundice

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the secretion method of sebaceous (oil) glands?

Accepted Answer

Holocrine (cell rupture and release of contents)

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with melanoma. Which of the following characteristics is most associated with this type of skin cancer?

Accepted Answer

Highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy

Question 14

Which of the following is a primary function of eccrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Thermoregulation through evaporative cooling

Question 15

A patient with a third-degree burn on the anterior trunk and both anterior upper limbs would have what percentage of body surface area affected, according to the rule of nines?

Accepted Answer

$$18\% + 9\% + 9\% = 36\%$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why elderly individuals are more prone to cold intolerance and wrinkles?

Accepted Answer

Decreased subcutaneous fat and loss of skin elasticity

Question 17

A patient is prescribed a transdermal patch for medication delivery. Which property of the skin allows certain drugs to be absorbed through the skin?

Accepted Answer

Limited penetration of lipid-soluble substances through the epidermis

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a cutaneous sensory receptor and its function?

Accepted Answer

Tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscle – detects fine touch

Question 19

A newborn presents with thick, yellowish, crusty lesions on the scalp. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Seborrhea (cradle cap)

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of keratinization in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocytes migrate from the stratum basale to the surface, accumulating keratin and dying as they move upward.

The Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Aspects

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