Q: Which equation correctly represents the calculation of partial pressure of a gas in a mixture, according to Dalton’s law?

$$ P_{gas} = P_{total} \times \text{fraction of gas} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the lymphatic system in relation to fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

It returns excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream, preventing edema.

Question 2

A patient presents with swelling in their right arm following lymph node removal due to cancer. Which term best describes this condition, and what is its most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Lymphedema; obstruction of lymphatic vessels

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the thoracic duct is correct?

Accepted Answer

It drains lymph from the left side of the body and both lower limbs.

Question 4

Which cell type is primarily responsible for the production of antibodies during an adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes

Question 5

A child receives a vaccine for measles. Which type of immunity is being acquired, and what is the expected outcome regarding memory cells?

Accepted Answer

Active immunity; memory cells produced

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of surfactant in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

It decreases surface tension in alveoli, preventing their collapse.

Question 7

According to Boyle’s law, what happens to the pressure inside the thoracic cavity when its volume increases during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Pressure decreases as volume increases.

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of partial pressure of a gas in a mixture, according to Dalton’s law?

Accepted Answer

$$ P_{gas} = P_{total} 	imes 	ext{fraction of gas} $$

Question 9

A patient with restrictive lung disease has decreased pulmonary compliance. Which of the following best explains how this affects their breathing?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the ease of lung expansion, making inspiration more difficult.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the structures of the respiratory membrane, from alveolar air to blood?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar epithelium → basement membrane → capillary endothelium

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the effect of hyperventilation on blood pH?

Accepted Answer

It decreases blood CO2, causing respiratory alkalosis.

Question 12

Which immune cell is primarily responsible for organ transplant rejection?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the complement system in immunity?

Accepted Answer

Enhancing phagocytosis and lysing pathogens

Question 14

Which equation correctly calculates minute volume in pulmonary physiology?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Minute Volume} = 	ext{Tidal Volume} 	imes 	ext{Respiratory Rate} $$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the respiratory membrane?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen diffuses from alveoli to blood; carbon dioxide diffuses from blood to alveoli.

Question 16

Which of the following is a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Redness (rubor)

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why only 1.5% of oxygen is dissolved in plasma?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen has low solubility in plasma according to Henry’s law.

Question 18

Which structure prevents food from entering the lower respiratory tract during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the bronchioles?

Accepted Answer

Bronchodilation, increasing airflow

Question 20

A patient with HIV is particularly at risk for infection due to depletion of which cell type?

Accepted Answer

Helper T cells (CD4+)

The Lymphatic and Respiratory Systems: Comprehensive Study Notes

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