Question 1

Refer to the first image. Which of the following best describes the flow of lymph through this structure?

Accepted Answer

Lymph enters through multiple afferent vessels, passes through the cortex and medulla, and exits through a single efferent vessel.

Question 2

Which cell type is primarily responsible for the initial phagocytic activity in the cortex region of the lymph node (as shown in the first image)?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytes such as macrophages

Question 3

The second image represents the structure of an antibody. Which region is responsible for antigen specificity?

Accepted Answer

The variable region (tips of the Y arms)

Question 4

Which class of antibody is most likely depicted in the second image, based on its Y-shaped structure and its ability to cross the placenta?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 5

A patient presents with swelling in the lower limbs after lymph node removal. Which condition best explains this symptom?

Accepted Answer

Lymphedema

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the structure shown in the first image?

Accepted Answer

Filtration of lymph and activation of immune responses

Question 7

Which process is illustrated by the antibody structure in the second image when it binds to two different antigens, forming a bridge to enhance phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and precipitation

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the rate of lymph flow ($$Q$$), pressure difference ($$\Delta P$$), and resistance ($$R) in $$the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

$$Q = \Delta P / R$$

Question 9

Which immune cell type is responsible for killing virally infected or cancerous cells without recognizing specific antigens?

Accepted Answer

Natural Killer (NK) cells

Question 10

A child receives antibodies from breast milk. Which type of immunity is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the thymus in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

It produces hormones that allow T cells to mature.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the complement system after activation?

Accepted Answer

Creating pores in target cell membranes leading to cell lysis

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why a secondary immune response is faster and stronger than a primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

Memory B cells are present and can rapidly produce antibodies.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies coat pathogens and enhance phagocytosis by immune cells.

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of adaptive (specific) immunity?

Accepted Answer

It requires exposure to a specific antigen to initiate a response.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of MHC class I molecules?

Accepted Answer

They present endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T cells.

Question 17

A patient develops an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies attack the myelin sheath of neurons. Which disease is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of Peyer's patches in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

They are groups of lymphatic cells that monitor and respond to pathogens.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between active and passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Active immunity results in the formation of memory cells, while passive immunity does not.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of interferons during an immune response?

Accepted Answer

They slow down viral replication in infected cells.

The Lymphatic System and Immunity: Structure, Function, and Disorders

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