Question 1

Which of the following best explains why lymphedema often develops after lymph node removal during cancer surgery?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic vessels are blocked or removed, preventing the return of interstitial fluid to the blood.

Question 2

A patient receives a kidney transplant from an unrelated donor. Which type of graft is this, and what is the main immunological concern?

Accepted Answer

Allograft; risk of rejection due to MHC differences

Question 3

Which of the following correctly traces the flow of lymph from the lower limbs back to the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic capillaries → collecting vessels → lumbar trunk → cisterna chyli → thoracic duct → left subclavian vein

Question 4

Which immune cell is the first to arrive at the site of acute bacterial infection and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil; phagocytosis of bacteria

Question 5

A child is born with a genetic defect resulting in the absence of T cells. Which of the following would most likely be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Cell-mediated immunity against viruses and cancer cells

Question 6

Which antibody class is most abundant in serum and is responsible for crossing the placenta to provide passive immunity to the fetus?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 7

A patient develops a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) after eating peanuts. Which immunological mechanism is primarily responsible?

Accepted Answer

Type I hypersensitivity; IgE-mediated histamine release

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of the thymus in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Site of T cell maturation and production of thymosin

Question 9

Which process is described by the movement of phagocytes out of capillaries and into tissues during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Diapedesis

Question 10

A person receives an injection of antivenom after a snake bite. Which type of immunity is this, and what is a key characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Passive immunity; short-term protection

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the complement system activated during the innate immune response?

Accepted Answer

Formation of membrane attack complex (MAC) leading to cell lysis

Question 12

Which structure is responsible for absorbing dietary fats in the small intestine and transporting them into the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Lacteals

Question 13

A patient with HIV is most likely to have a deficiency in which immune cell, and what is the consequence?

Accepted Answer

CD4 helper T cells; impaired coordination of immune responses

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why vaccines provide long-term protection against specific diseases?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate the production of memory B and T cells.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding MHC molecules and antigen presentation?

Accepted Answer

Class I MHC is found on all nucleated cells and presents endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T cells.

Question 16

Which antibody class is primarily responsible for the early response to infection and is the largest in size?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 17

A patient develops a red, itchy rash two days after exposure to poison ivy. Which type of hypersensitivity is this, and what is the main immune mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Type IV; T cell-mediated delayed response

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary immune responses?

Accepted Answer

Secondary response is faster, stronger, and mainly involves IgG antibodies.

Question 19

Which of the following is a key function of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Filters blood, destroys old red blood cells, and provides immune surveillance

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies or complement proteins coat pathogens, enhancing phagocytosis

The Lymphatic System and Immunity: Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards