Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

They absorb dietary fats and transport them to the blood via lacteals.

Question 2

A patient develops swelling in their lower legs after surgery that removed several lymph nodes in the inguinal region. What is the most likely cause of this swelling?

Accepted Answer

Impaired lymphatic drainage leading to edema due to excess interstitial fluid accumulation.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the movement of lymph is correct?

Accepted Answer

Lymph movement depends on skeletal muscle contraction and respiratory pressure changes, not a central pump.

Question 4

Which equation best represents the net filtration pressure in capillaries, explaining why excess fluid enters the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Net Filtration Pressure $$= (P_{cap} - P_{inter}) - (\pi_{cap} - \pi_{inter})$$

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the maturation of lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

B cells become immunocompetent in the red bone marrow, while T cells mature in the thymus.

Question 6

A child with a congenital absence of the thymus would most likely have which of the following immune deficiencies?

Accepted Answer

Reduced T cell maturation and impaired adaptive immune response.

Question 7

Which of the following best distinguishes innate immunity from adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity is non-specific and present at birth, while adaptive immunity is specific and acquired.

Question 8

Which of the following lymphatic organs is primarily responsible for filtering blood and destroying worn-out red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Spleen

Question 9

During an infection, a patient's cervical lymph nodes become swollen. What is the most likely explanation for this swelling?

Accepted Answer

Enlargement of germinal centers due to activation and proliferation of B cells producing antibodies.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of Hassel's corpuscles found in the thymus?

Accepted Answer

They release cytokines that help direct the maturation of immune cells.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the pathway of lymph from the tissues to the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic capillaries → lymphatic vessels → lymph nodes → lymphatic trunks → collecting ducts → subclavian veins

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct?

Accepted Answer

The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from the right side of the head and right arm into the right subclavian vein, while the thoracic duct drains the rest of the body into the left subclavian vein.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why lymph is low in protein compared to blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Plasma proteins are too large to cross capillary walls into tissue fluid.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?

Accepted Answer

It is unencapsulated lymphatic tissue found in areas such as the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of lymph nodes in immune surveillance?

Accepted Answer

Lymph nodes monitor body fluids via macrophages and lymphocytes, activating the adaptive immune response when necessary.

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the Starling forces responsible for fluid movement in capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Fluid Movement $$= (P_{cap} - P_{inter}) - (\pi_{cap} - \pi_{inter})$$

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the spleen's function in adults?

Accepted Answer

It filters blood, destroys worn-out red blood cells, and houses lymphocytes and macrophages.

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of blocked lymphatic capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of interstitial fluid leading to edema.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of tonsillar crypts?

Accepted Answer

They trap bacteria and microbes, allowing germinal centers to activate immune responses.

The Lymphatic System: Structure, Function, and Major Organs

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