Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

To process, integrate, and interpret sensory input and initiate appropriate motor output.

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of fine touch sensation in the right hand. Which area of the brain is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Left primary somatosensory cortex

Question 3

Which type of neuroglia is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 4

A neuron receives multiple excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) at the same time. What process determines whether an action potential will be generated?

Accepted Answer

Spatial summation

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why action potentials travel faster in myelinated axons compared to unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows for saltatory conduction, where action potentials jump between nodes of Ranvier.

Question 6

A patient is unable to move their right arm and has lost sensation in the same limb. Which side of the brain is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Left cerebral hemisphere

Question 7

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain?

Accepted Answer

II – Optic

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a sensory receptor type and its stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Chemoreceptor – detects chemical changes

Question 9

A person is startled by a loud noise, causing increased heart rate and pupil dilation. Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for these responses?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Regulate the blood-brain barrier and maintain extracellular ion balance

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential ($$E_{ion}) $$for a given ion?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{ion} = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[ion]_{out}}{[ion]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between graded potentials and action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials can be summed, while action potentials are all-or-none.

Question 13

A patient has damage to the dorsal root ganglia. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input from the periphery

Question 14

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to stimulate skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the blood-brain barrier is important for neural function?

Accepted Answer

It selectively restricts passage of substances from the blood to the brain, protecting neural tissue.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of information in a typical reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → CNS → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 17

A lesion in the left Wernicke's area would most likely result in which of the following deficits?

Accepted Answer

Impaired comprehension of language with fluent but nonsensical speech

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamus in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It regulates autonomic, endocrine, and homeostatic functions.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the effect of a lesion in the right parietal lobe?

Accepted Answer

Impaired spatial awareness and neglect of the left side of the body

The Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Organization

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