Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of membrane potential using the Nernst equation?

$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{outside}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{inside}}} \right)$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the integrative and control center, processing sensory input and dictating motor output.

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of muscle control and vision difficulties. Laboratory tests reveal destruction of myelin sheaths in the CNS. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 3

Which neuroglial cell is primarily responsible for forming myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 4

Which division of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is responsible for mobilizing body systems during activity?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Question 5

A nerve impulse travels faster in myelinated axons than in unmyelinated axons. Which property of myelin is responsible for this increased speed?

Accepted Answer

Myelin electrically insulates the axon, allowing saltatory conduction.

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of membrane potential using the Nernst equation?

Accepted Answer

$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{outside}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{inside}}} ight)$

Question 7

Which type of neuron is most commonly found as motor neurons and interneurons in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 8

During a reflex arc, which sequence correctly describes the flow of information?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → Integration center → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring neurons to capillaries and regulating capillary permeability

Question 10

A patient is unable to voluntarily move their skeletal muscles but retains involuntary muscle function. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They act as phagocytes, removing debris and defending CNS cells.

Question 12

Which equation best represents Ohm's Law as applied to the movement of ions across a neuronal membrane?

Accepted Answer

$V = I 	imes R$

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It regulates involuntary actions such as heart rate, digestion, and glandular activity.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why nerve impulses do not always reach their target in patients with Multiple Sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Hardened myelin sheaths (scleroses) disrupt electrical insulation, slowing or blocking impulse transmission.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They line fluid-filled cavities in the brain and spinal cord, aiding in circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Acting as the integrative and control center for the body.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division mobilizes body systems during activity, while parasympathetic division conserves energy and promotes housekeeping functions.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about unmyelinated nerve fibers?

Accepted Answer

They conduct impulses more slowly than myelinated fibers.

Question 19

A person touches a hot stove and immediately withdraws their hand. Which type of neural circuit is responsible for this rapid, involuntary response?

Accepted Answer

Reflex arc

The Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Organization

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