$$3\ Na^+\ \text{out},\ 2\ K^+\ \text{in}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

It integrates, processes, and coordinates sensory input and motor output.

Question 2

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 3

A neuron receives multiple excitatory and inhibitory signals from presynaptic neurons. What determines whether an action potential will be generated?

Accepted Answer

The maximum local potential generated by the sum of all signals

Question 4

Which equation best represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$$3\ Na^+\ 	ext{out},\ 2\ K^+\ 	ext{in}$$

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding myelinated axons in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells wrap around axons to form myelin.

Question 6

During the propagation of an action potential, what is the main advantage of saltatory conduction compared to continuous conduction?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction allows the action potential to jump between nodes, increasing speed.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of ependymal cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Question 8

A patient presents with a loss of motor function but intact sensory function. Which type of neuron is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Motor neuron

Question 9

Which of the following statements about neurotransmitters is correct?

Accepted Answer

The effect of a neurotransmitter depends on the type of receptor it binds to.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the refractory period in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

The period when the neuron is hyperpolarized and cannot fire another action potential.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of microglia in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They are phagocytic cells that remove debris and pathogens.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a structural class of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Tripolar

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of ligand-gated channels in neurons?

Accepted Answer

They open when a specific chemical binds to the channel.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the distribution of ions across the plasma membrane at rest?

Accepted Answer

There is a higher concentration of K+ inside the cell than outside.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the 'all-or-none' principle of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

An action potential is only generated if the threshold level of depolarization is reached.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the Nodes of Ranvier?

Accepted Answer

They are gaps between Schwann cells in the PNS.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of divergence in neuronal pools?

Accepted Answer

A single neuron spreads stimulation to multiple neurons.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of the somatic nervous system in action?

Accepted Answer

Moving your hand away from a hot stove

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of inhibitory neurotransmitters on the postsynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

They make the postsynaptic cell less likely to generate an action potential.

The Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Neurophysiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions