Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To act as the master control and communication system of the body using electrical impulses

Question 2

A patient suffers a stroke that damages the left frontal lobe of the cerebrum. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Impaired speech and voluntary movement on the right side of the body

Question 3

Which equation best represents the process of depolarization during the generation of a nerve impulse?

Accepted Answer

$Na^+_{influx} > K^+_{efflux}$

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

It is formed by the least permeable capillaries in the body.

Question 5

A person touches a hot stove and quickly withdraws their hand. Which type of reflex is this, and what is the correct pathway for the nerve impulse?

Accepted Answer

Somatic reflex; afferent neuron → interneuron → efferent neuron

Question 6

Which of the following cranial nerves is primarily responsible for vision?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve (II)

Question 7

A patient presents with increased intracranial pressure due to an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Hydrocephalus

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division increases heart rate and energy use, while parasympathetic slows heart rate and promotes digestion.

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct order of structures that light passes through in the eye to reach the retina?

Accepted Answer

Cornea → aqueous humor → lens → vitreous humor → retina

Question 10

A patient is unable to move their tongue properly and has difficulty speaking. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why damage to the occipital lobe can result in vision loss?

Accepted Answer

The occipital lobe contains the primary visual cortex, which processes visual information.

Question 12

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the speed of light in different media and the refraction in the eye?

Accepted Answer

$n = \frac{c}{v}$, where $n$ is the refractive index, $c$ is the speed of light in vacuum, and $v$ is the speed of light in the medium

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Coordinates voluntary muscle movements and maintains balance

Question 14

A patient is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Which of the following best explains the physiological basis of this disease?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of the myelin sheath around neurons, leading to impaired nerve impulse conduction

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the classification of neurons based on function?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) neurons carry impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS.

Question 16

A person is exposed to a loud noise and subsequently experiences hearing loss. Which type of hearing loss is most likely if the hair cells in the cochlea are damaged?

Accepted Answer

Sensorineural deafness

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of chemoreceptors in the special senses?

Accepted Answer

They respond to chemical stimuli in taste and smell.

Question 18

A patient with strabismus (crossed eyes) is unable to coordinate the movement of both eyes. Which structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

The extraocular muscles

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why a spinal cord injury at the cervical level can result in paralysis of all four limbs (quadriplegia)?

Accepted Answer

The cervical spinal cord contains nerves that supply both the upper and lower limbs.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the thalamus?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a relay station for sensory information entering the brain.

The Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Special Senses

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