Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in the resulting cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells.

Question 2

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over occurs during prophase I and increases genetic diversity by exchanging segments between homologous chromosomes.

Question 3

A patient presents with infertility due to a blockage in the duct system that prevents sperm from reaching the urethra. Which structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Ductus (vas) deferens

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the testes are located outside the abdominopelvic cavity in the scrotum?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a temperature about 3°C below core body temperature, which is optimal for spermatogenesis

Question 6

A 55-year-old male presents with difficulty urinating and an elevated PSA level. Which condition is most likely responsible for his symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the bulbourethral glands?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of alkaline mucus to neutralize acidic urine in the urethra

Question 8

Which structure in the female reproductive system is responsible for catching the oocyte after ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae of the uterine tube

Question 9

During the ovarian cycle, what triggers ovulation?

Accepted Answer

A surge in luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 10

Which phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle is characterized by the shedding of the stratum functionalis?

Accepted Answer

Menstrual phase

Question 11

A woman with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease is experiencing infertility. Which anatomical structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of estrogens in the female body?

Accepted Answer

Reduce breakdown of bone by inhibiting osteoclasts and increase HDL levels

Question 13

Which of the following birth control methods works by preventing the implantation of a fertilized ovum and releasing copper to poison sperm and oocytes?

Accepted Answer

Intrauterine device (IUD)

Question 14

A patient is diagnosed with Turner syndrome, a condition where only one X chromosome is present. Which meiotic error most likely caused this?

Accepted Answer

Non-disjunction during anaphase I or II

Question 15

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is caused by a virus and is a major risk factor for cervical cancer?

Accepted Answer

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Question 16

Which hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum and is essential for maintaining the uterine lining during the early stages of pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis produces one mature ovum per cycle, while spermatogenesis produces millions of sperm daily.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why oral contraceptives containing estrogen and progesterone are effective at preventing pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

They provide negative feedback to the hypothalamus and pituitary, preventing ovulation.

Question 19

A male patient is unable to achieve or maintain an erection. Which of the following is a possible physiological cause?

Accepted Answer

Reduced blood flow to the corpora cavernosa due to cardiovascular disease

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the blood-testis barrier formed by sustentacular cells?

Accepted Answer

It separates developing sperm cells from the immune system.

The Reproductive System: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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