Question 1

Which of the following structures is NOT considered part of the upper respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Trachea

Question 2

During which phase of respiration does the exchange of $O_2$ and $CO_2$ occur between the lungs and the blood?

Accepted Answer

External respiration

Question 3

A patient presents with inflammation of the vocal folds, resulting in a hoarse voice and difficulty speaking. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Laryngitis

Question 4

Which anatomical feature of the nasal cavity is primarily responsible for filtering large particles from inspired air?

Accepted Answer

Vibrissae

Question 5

The larynx is composed of several cartilages. Which cartilage is NOT made of hyaline cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the pleural fluid?

Accepted Answer

It lubricates the lungs and allows smooth expansion and recoil.

Question 7

A blockage in the right main bronchus is more likely than in the left because:

Accepted Answer

The right main bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical.

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct sequence of airflow from the external environment to the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the respiratory membrane is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of alveolar epithelium, capillary endothelium, and their fused basement membranes.

Question 10

Which process is responsible for the movement of air into and out of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary ventilation

Question 11

A patient with a tumor obstructing the left pulmonary vein would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Reduced oxygenated blood returning to the left atrium

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the alveoli are the primary site of gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

They have a large surface area and thin walls.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the paranasal sinuses?

Accepted Answer

They warm and moisten inspired air.

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly represents the exchange of gases during external respiration?

Accepted Answer

$O_2$ (alveoli) \rightarrow $O_2$ (blood); $CO_2$ (blood) \rightarrow $CO_2$ (alveoli)

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the blood supply to the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Bronchial arteries supply oxygenated blood to lung tissue except alveoli.

Question 16

A patient is unable to produce sound due to paralysis of the vocal folds. Which function of the larynx is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Voice production

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the diaphragm in respiration?

Accepted Answer

It contracts to increase thoracic volume during inspiration.

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of pleural effusion (excess fluid in the pleural cavity)?

Accepted Answer

Impaired lung expansion and possible respiratory distress

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the bronchial tree is correct?

Accepted Answer

Segmental bronchi are fourth-order branches.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the vestibular folds in the larynx?

Accepted Answer

They act as a sphincter to prevent air passage during swallowing.

The Respiratory System: Functional Anatomy and Processes of Respiration

Study Guide - Practice Questions