Question 1

Which structure is responsible for routing food into the esophagus and air toward the trachea during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 2

A patient aspirates food while eating. Based on the anatomy of the bronchi, which bronchus is the food most likely to enter?

Accepted Answer

Right main bronchus

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory mucosa?

Accepted Answer

Increasing surface area for gas exchange

Question 4

During inspiration, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Intrapulmonary volume increases and gas pressure decreases

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of vital capacity (VC) in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

$$VC = TV + IRV + ERV$$

Question 6

A patient with chronic bronchitis is likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Cyanosis due to chronic hypoxia and carbon dioxide retention

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Decreases surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse

Question 8

Which region of the pharynx serves as a passageway for both air and food?

Accepted Answer

Oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Question 9

Which of the following is a major factor preventing lung collapse?

Accepted Answer

Negative intrapleural pressure

Question 10

A patient is experiencing hyperventilation. What is the expected effect on blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Blood pH increases, leading to alkalosis

Question 11

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the respiratory zone where gas exchange occurs?

Accepted Answer

Terminal bronchioles

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the left lung compared to the right lung?

Accepted Answer

The left lung has two lobes, while the right lung has three lobes

Question 13

Which of the following volumes represents the amount of air that actually reaches the respiratory zone?

Accepted Answer

Functional volume

Question 14

Which event of respiration involves gas exchange between blood and tissue cells in systemic capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Internal respiration

Question 15

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of total lung capacity (TLC)?

Accepted Answer

$$TLC = VC + RV$$

Question 16

A patient with emphysema is likely to have which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Overinflation of lungs and barrel chest

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the sinuses?

Accepted Answer

Act as resonance chambers for speech

Question 18

Which neural structure sets the basic rhythm of breathing?

Accepted Answer

Medulla

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of hypoventilation?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of CO$$_2 in $$the blood, leading to acidosis

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

It is the leading cause of cancer deaths for both men and women

The Respiratory System: Structure, Function, and Disorders

Study Guide - Practice Questions