Question 1

Which structure in the larynx is primarily responsible for regulating the amount of air that enters and leaves the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Glottis

Question 2

A patient presents with a persistent cough after inhaling a foreign object. Which anatomical feature is most likely responsible for triggering this reflex?

Accepted Answer

Carina

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the transition of epithelial tissue in the larynx?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous to pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Question 4

During phonation, what determines the pitch of the sound produced by the vocal cords?

Accepted Answer

Diameter, length, and tension of the vocal cords

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the trachea?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of 16-20 C-shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage

Question 6

A person with cystic fibrosis is at increased risk for respiratory infections primarily because:

Accepted Answer

They produce overly thick mucus that traps bacteria

Question 7

Which cell type in the alveoli secretes surfactant to reduce surface tension and help keep alveoli open?

Accepted Answer

Type II alveolar cells

Question 8

What is the primary function of cilia in the respiratory epithelium?

Accepted Answer

To beat mucus toward the pharynx for removal

Question 9

Which equation best represents the relationship between pressure and volume in the lungs during breathing?

Accepted Answer

$P_1 V_1 = P_2 V_2$

Question 10

At sea level, what is the atmospheric pressure in mm Hg?

Accepted Answer

$760$ 	ext{ mm Hg}$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why air flows into the lungs during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Atmospheric pressure is higher than alveolar pressure

Question 12

A patient is breathing through their mouth instead of their nose. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

There will be increased water and heat loss

Question 13

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar sac

Question 14

If the pressure inside the pleural cavity equals the pressure outside the thoracic cavity, what will happen?

Accepted Answer

No air movement will occur

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the lamina propria in the nasal cavity?

Accepted Answer

Contains expandable veins to heat air

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of alveolar pores?

Accepted Answer

They equalize air pressure between neighboring alveoli

Question 17

A breakdown in external respiration can lead to hypoxia. What is hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

Low $O_2$ levels in the blood

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence of airflow from the trachea to the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Trachea → Primary bronchi → Secondary bronchi → Tertiary bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveolar ducts → Alveoli

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct consequence of smoking on the respiratory defense system?

Accepted Answer

Paralysis of cilia leading to smoker's cough

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the respiratory membrane is extremely thin?

Accepted Answer

To allow rapid diffusion of gases between alveoli and capillaries

The Respiratory System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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