Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Hormone secretion

Question 2

A patient suffers a fracture in the diaphysis of their femur. Which structure is most likely to be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Medullary (marrow) cavity

Question 3

Which region of a long bone is responsible for growth in length during childhood and adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 4

What is the main function of articular cartilage found at the ends of long bones?

Accepted Answer

Reduces friction and absorbs shock

Question 5

Which cell type is responsible for bone resorption and contains lysosomal enzymes and acids?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 6

During bone formation, which process involves the combination of calcium phosphate with calcium hydroxide to form hydroxyapatite crystals?

Accepted Answer

Calcification

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the chemical formula for hydroxyapatite, the main mineral in bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$Ca_5(PO_4)_3OH$

Question 8

A patient with osteoporosis has increased activity of which bone cell, leading to excessive bone breakdown?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 9

Which structure in compact bone allows blood vessels and nerves to travel from the periosteum to the osteons?

Accepted Answer

Volkmann's canal

Question 10

What is the primary difference between compact bone and spongy bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone does not contain osteons and is lighter than compact bone

Question 11

Which structure surrounds the medullary cavity and provides a surface for attachment of ligaments and tendons?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Question 12

If a long bone is fractured and the periosteum is damaged, which process will be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Bone repair and growth

Question 13

Which canal in compact bone runs parallel to the long axis and contains blood vessels and nerves?

Accepted Answer

Haversian canal

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of canaliculi in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They allow communication and nutrient exchange between osteocytes

Question 15

A child is diagnosed with a growth plate injury. Which region of the long bone is affected?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate (metaphysis)

Question 16

Which bone cell type is derived from hematopoietic stem cells and is responsible for bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 17

Which part of the bone contains red marrow and is the site of hematopoiesis in adults?

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone in the epiphysis

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why spongy bone is found at the ends of long bones?

Accepted Answer

It provides a lightweight structure and absorbs shock

Question 19

Which process is described by the equation $Ca^{2+} + PO_4^{3-} \rightarrow Ca_5(PO_4)_3OH$ in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Calcification

Question 20

A patient with a vitamin D deficiency is likely to have impaired bone matrix formation due to poor absorption of which mineral?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

The Skeletal System: Structure and Function of Bone Tissue

Study Guide - Practice Questions