Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between compact bone and spongy (cancellous) bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and organized into osteons, while spongy bone consists of a network of trabeculae.

Question 2

A patient presents with a bone that is unusually brittle and breaks easily. Laboratory analysis reveals a significant loss of collagen fibers in the bone matrix. Which component is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Organic matrix (primarily collagen)

Question 3

Which of the following bones is classified as an irregular bone?

Accepted Answer

Vertebra

Question 4

Which of the following correctly matches the bone marking with its function?

Accepted Answer

Tuberosity: large rounded projection; site of muscle or ligament attachment

Question 5

A child’s hand X-ray shows a visible epiphyseal plate. What does this indicate about the bone?

Accepted Answer

The bone is still growing in length.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Protecting the brain and spinal cord

Question 7

Which vertebra allows you to nod your head 'yes' and what is its anatomical name?

Accepted Answer

Atlas (C1)

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with scoliosis. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Question 9

Which of the following formulas correctly represents the calculation for the total number of ribs in the human body?

Accepted Answer

$$12 	imes 2 = 24$$

Question 10

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage; resists compression and absorbs shock

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the fetal skeleton contains more bones than the adult skeleton?

Accepted Answer

The fetal skeleton has more bones because many bones fuse during development.

Question 12

Which of the following structures is unique to cervical vertebrae and allows passage of the vertebral artery?

Accepted Answer

Transverse foramen

Question 13

A histological slide of compact bone shows concentric rings around a central canal. What are these rings called?

Accepted Answer

Lamellae

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the fate and function of fontanelles in the fetal skull?

Accepted Answer

They allow for brain growth and facilitate passage through the birth canal; they ossify to become sutures.

Question 15

Which bone marking serves as a passageway for nerves and blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Foramen

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the number of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae in the adult human spine?

Accepted Answer

$$7 + 12 + 5 = 24$$

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 18

A patient suffers a fracture at the sella turcica. Which important structure is most likely at risk?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of Sharpey's (perforating) fibers?

Accepted Answer

They connect the periosteum to the underlying bone matrix.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct pairing of cartilage type and anatomical location?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage – articular surfaces of long bones

The Skeletal System: Structure, Composition, and the Axial Skeleton

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