$$\text{Bone} \xrightarrow{\text{PTH}} \text{Ca}^{2+} \text{ released to blood}$$

$$\text{Blood} \xrightarrow{\text{Calcitonin}} \text{Ca}^{2+} \text{ stored in bone}$$

Question 1

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity, leading to elevated blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 2

A 12-year-old patient is diagnosed with rickets. Which deficiency is most likely responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 3

During bone growth in length, what is the primary process occurring at the epiphyseal plate?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral growth

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the process of intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone forms directly from fibrous connective tissue membranes

Question 5

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for fractures. Which factor is LEAST likely to contribute to osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Moderate exercise

Question 6

Which equation best represents the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Bone} \xrightarrow{	ext{PTH}} 	ext{Ca}^{2+} 	ext{ released to blood}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding appositional bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts beneath the periosteum secrete bone matrix, increasing bone diameter

Question 8

A fracture is healing. Which sequence correctly describes the stages of bone repair?

Accepted Answer

Blood clot → callus formation → ossification

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels

Question 10

Which hormone is responsible for converting the epiphyseal plate to the epiphyseal line, thus ending bone growth in length?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 11

A patient is recovering from a bone fracture. Which intervention is most likely to speed healing by increasing osteoblast activity?

Accepted Answer

Moderate exercise or application of electric currents

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why smoking increases the risk of osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Smoking decreases estrogen production

Question 13

Which equation best represents the effect of calcitonin on calcium movement?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Blood} \xrightarrow{	ext{Calcitonin}} 	ext{Ca}^{2+} 	ext{ stored in bone}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a direct effect of vitamin D deficiency on bone physiology?

Accepted Answer

Decreased absorption of calcium from the intestine

Question 15

Which scenario would most likely result in decreased bone mass?

Accepted Answer

Injury restricting movement, decreasing osteoblast activity

Question 16

Which process is responsible for the formation of most bones in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the role of osteoclasts during appositional bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts resorb bone on the endosteal surface, maintaining cavity size

Question 18

A newborn has unossified membranes in the skull. What are these structures called?

Accepted Answer

Fontanels

Question 19

Which of the following nutrients is required specifically for collagen production in bone?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of estrogen on bone physiology?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen stimulates ossification of the epiphyseal plate

The Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions