Question 1

Which of the following best explains why a goiter may develop in a patient with myxedema due to iodine deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Lack of iodine prevents negative feedback inhibition, leading to increased TSH and thyroid enlargement.

Question 2

A child presents with intellectual disabilities, short stature, and a thick tongue and neck. Laboratory tests reveal low thyroid hormone levels. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Cretinism

Question 3

Which of the following symptoms is most characteristic of adult hypothyroidism (myxedema)?

Accepted Answer

Low metabolic rate, mental sluggishness, and puffy eyes

Question 4

Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies mimic which hormone, leading to increased thyroid hormone production?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 5

Which of the following is a direct consequence of decreased thyroid hormone (TH) due to dietary iodine deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Enlarged thyroid gland (goiter)

Question 6

A patient with Graves disease is likely to present with which of the following clinical signs?

Accepted Answer

Protruding eyeballs (exophthalmos) and increased thyroid hormone

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the metabolic changes seen in myxedema?

Accepted Answer

Decreased O$$_2$$ consumption, decreased metabolism, decreased energy, decreased heat

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of cretinism?

Accepted Answer

Bulging eyes (exophthalmos)

Question 9

A patient presents with an enlarged thyroid gland due to colloid accumulation. Which underlying condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Goiter due to iodine deficiency

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why patients with myxedema often feel chilled?

Accepted Answer

Decreased heat production due to low metabolic rate

Question 11

Which feedback mechanism is disrupted in the development of a goiter due to iodine deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback inhibition of TSH

Question 12

A patient with hyperthyroidism is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Rapid, irregular heartbeats and nervousness

Question 13

Which of the following is the primary cause of cretinism in infants?

Accepted Answer

Dietary iodine deficiency leading to hyposecretion of thyroid hormone

Question 14

Which hormone is mimicked by antibodies in Graves disease, leading to increased thyroid hormone production?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 15

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of Graves disease compared to other thyroid disorders?

Accepted Answer

Exophthalmos (protruding eyeballs)

Thyroid Gland Disorders: Structure, Function, and Pathology

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