Question 1

Which of the following correctly lists the organizational levels of the human body from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 2

Which element is most likely to form four covalent bonds due to its number of available bonding sites?

Accepted Answer

Carbon

Question 3

A sodium atom ($Na$) has 11 protons and 11 electrons. When it forms an ionic bond with chlorine ($Cl$), what happens to its electron configuration?

Accepted Answer

Sodium loses one electron, resulting in a positive ion ($Na^+$)

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak bond between polar molecules, such as between water molecules

Question 5

Which chemical equation correctly represents the dissociation of water into hydrogen and hydroxide ions?

Accepted Answer

$H_2O \leftrightarrow H^+ + OH^-$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Acids release $H^+$ ions in water

Question 7

A solution has a $[H^+]$ concentration of $1 	imes 10^{-4}$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$pH = 4$

Question 8

Which functional group is present in both amino acids and proteins, and is responsible for their basic chemical properties?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($-NH_2$)

Question 9

Which process involves the removal of water to join two monomers together, forming a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 10

Which of the following is a polysaccharide commonly stored in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 11

Which type of lipid is the main component of cell membranes and forms a bilayer due to its polar and nonpolar regions?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid

Question 12

Which structural level of a protein involves hydrogen bonding between the backbone, resulting in alpha helices and beta sheets?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Amino group

Question 14

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by:

Accepted Answer

Decreasing the activation energy required

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular reactions?

Accepted Answer

ATP is used to power endergonic reactions by releasing energy when its phosphate bonds are broken

Question 16

Which of the following is true about buffers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain pH by accepting or donating $H^+$ ions

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis joins monomers by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks polymers by adding water

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct formula for a neutral fat (triglyceride)?

Accepted Answer

$1$ glycerol + $3$ fatty acids

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

The phosphate end is polar and hydrophilic, while the fatty acid tails are nonpolar and hydrophobic

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct representation of the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$ATP ightarrow ADP + P + 	ext{energy}$

Unit 1: Basic Concepts of Anatomy & Physiology – Organization, Chemistry, and Biological Molecules

Study Guide - Practice Questions