Question 1

Which of the following best describes the permeability of lymphatic capillaries compared to blood capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic capillaries are more permeable because their endothelial cells overlap, forming one-way mini-valves that allow entry of proteins and pathogens.

Question 2

A patient presents with swelling in their lower limbs. Which lymphatic trunk is most likely compromised, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

The lumbar trunk, which drains lymph from the lower limbs and pelvic region.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

Producing red blood cells during fetal development.

Question 4

During an inflammatory response, which step involves leukocytes adhering to the walls of blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Margination

Question 5

Which cell type is primarily responsible for killing virus-infected cells and cancer cells by releasing perforins and granzymes?

Accepted Answer

Natural Killer (NK) cells

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of interferons?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate neighboring cells to produce antiviral proteins, inhibiting viral replication.

Question 7

A person exposed to a complete antigen will develop a stronger immune response than to an incomplete antigen. Which property distinguishes a complete antigen?

Accepted Answer

Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules is correct?

Accepted Answer

MHC molecules present antigens to T cells, enabling immune recognition.

Question 9

Which cells function as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and what is their primary role?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells; they process and present antigens to T cells to initiate adaptive immunity.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the structural difference between CD4 and CD8 T cells and their activation?

Accepted Answer

CD4 T cells recognize antigens presented by MHC class II molecules, while CD8 T cells recognize antigens presented by MHC class I molecules.

Question 11

A patient with a deficiency in surfactant production is most likely to experience which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Collapse of alveoli (atelectasis) due to increased surface tension.

Question 12

Which equation best represents the relationship between pressure, volume, and airflow in the lungs during pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

$$ F = \frac{\Delta P}{R} $$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a way that carbon dioxide ($$CO_2) is $$transported from tissues to the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Bound to albumin for transport.

Question 14

A person inhales deeply and then exhales forcefully. Which respiratory volume is being measured, and what is the formula for calculating vital capacity?

Accepted Answer

Vital capacity; $$ VC = TV + IRV + ERV $$

Question 15

Which of the following is a primary function of lacteals in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of dietary fats into the lymphatic system.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

PRRs recognize conserved molecular patterns on pathogens, triggering an immune response.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the steps of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Chemotaxis → Adherence → Ingestion → Digestion → Exocytosis

Question 18

Which of the following pressures is always negative relative to atmospheric pressure and helps keep the lungs inflated?

Accepted Answer

Intrapleural pressure

Question 19

Which region of the pharynx is responsible for conducting air from the nasal cavity to the larynx and also serves as a passageway for food?

Accepted Answer

Oropharynx

Question 20

A patient with a fever is experiencing an elevated body temperature. Which of the following best explains the physiological benefit of fever during infection?

Accepted Answer

Fever inhibits pathogen replication and enhances the activity of immune cells.

Unit 2 Review: Lymphatic, Immune, and Respiratory Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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