Question 1

Which layer of the heart wall is primarily responsible for the contractile force that pumps blood throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 2

A patient presents with a heart murmur. Which of the following best explains the physiological basis of a heart murmur?

Accepted Answer

Turbulent blood flow due to abnormal valve function

Question 3

Which of the following correctly traces the pathway of blood through the heart, starting from the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta

Question 4

Which equation correctly relates cardiac output ($$CO$$), stroke volume ($$SV$$), and heart rate ($$HR$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = SV 	imes HR$$

Question 5

During the cardiac cycle, which event immediately follows ventricular depolarization as seen on an EKG?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular contraction (systole)

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between arteries and veins in terms of histology?

Accepted Answer

Arteries have thicker walls and more elastic tissue than veins

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with hypertension. Which of the following factors is most likely to directly increase blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Increased peripheral resistance

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

They filter lymph and trap pathogens

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Regulating blood glucose levels

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of Helper T cells in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They activate B cells and other immune cells by releasing cytokines

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Skin and mucous membranes acting as physical barriers

Question 12

Which of the following best explains the difference between passive and active immunity?

Accepted Answer

Passive immunity provides immediate but temporary protection; active immunity develops after exposure and is long-lasting

Question 13

Which of the following events occurs during the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle?

Accepted Answer

Ventricles contract and eject blood into the arteries

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the conduction system of the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of opsonization in immunity?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies bind to pathogens and mark them for phagocytosis

Question 16

A patient has a blockage in the left coronary artery. Which area of the heart is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Left ventricle

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses?

Accepted Answer

Cell-mediated immunity involves T cells attacking infected cells; antibody-mediated immunity involves B cells producing antibodies

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between blood pressure ($$BP$$), cardiac output ($$CO$$), and peripheral resistance ($$PR$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$BP = CO 	imes PR$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the spleen in the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Filtration of blood and removal of old red blood cells

Question 20

A patient receives a vaccine and later is exposed to the same pathogen. Which immune response is responsible for the rapid and robust production of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Secondary immune response

Unit 2 Study Guide: The Heart, Blood Vessels, Lymphatic System, and Immunity

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards