Question 1

Which of the following properties of water is MOST responsible for the ability of blood to transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Solubility

Question 2

A patient is suffering from metabolic acidosis. Which of the following buffer systems is primarily responsible for minimizing changes in blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate buffer system

Question 3

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water diffuses out of the cell.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+]$$?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$$

Question 5

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+] in $$moles per liter?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 10$$^{-4}$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a hydrophobic molecule?

Accepted Answer

A nonpolar molecule that does not interact with or dissolve in water.

Question 7

During respiratory alkalosis, which physiological change occurs?

Accepted Answer

Blood pH increases above 7.45 due to excessive loss of CO$$_2$$ from hyperventilation.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a major element found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Iron (Fe)

Question 9

A buffer system in the blood responds to a decrease in pH by:

Accepted Answer

Binding $$H^+$$ ions out of solution

Question 10

Which property of water allows insects to walk on its surface?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion

Question 11

A student adds hydrochloric acid ($$HCl) to a $$beaker of water. What will happen to the pH of the solution?

Accepted Answer

The pH will decrease.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why water is considered the 'biological solvent'?

Accepted Answer

It is polar and dissolves many substances necessary for life.

Question 13

If a solution has a pH of 9, how does its hydrogen ion concentration compare to a solution with a pH of 7?

Accepted Answer

It is 100 times lower.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about isotonic solutions?

Accepted Answer

Cells placed in isotonic solutions maintain their normal volume.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Buffers prevent rapid shifts in pH by releasing or binding $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 16

A solution with a pH of 2 is how many times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 5?

Accepted Answer

1000 times

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of a buffer system in action?

Accepted Answer

Antacid tablets neutralizing stomach acid

Question 18

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Acids donate hydrogen ions ($$H^+) in $$solution.

Question 19

Which of the following is a trace element found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Copper (Cu)

Question 20

A student is performing an experiment with phenolphthalein and NaOH. After blowing bubbles into the solution, the color changes. What is the most likely cause of this color change?

Accepted Answer

Increase in $$CO_2$$ lowers the pH, causing the indicator to change color.

Unit 2: The Chemistry of Life – Essential Elements, Water, and pH in Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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