Question 1

Which type of cartilage is primarily found in the intervertebral discs and menisci, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage; resists compression and absorbs shock

Question 2

A patient presents with anemia due to decreased blood cell production. Which bone marrow type is most likely affected, and where is it predominantly found in adults?

Accepted Answer

Red bone marrow; found in flat bones and proximal epiphyses

Question 3

Which bone cell type is responsible for breaking down bone matrix, and what is the process called?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast; resorption

Question 4

A child is diagnosed with a deficiency in collagen production. Which component of bone is most affected, and what property does it compromise?

Accepted Answer

Organic component; flexibility

Question 5

During bone growth, which process increases the length of long bones, and where does it occur?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth; epiphyseal plate

Question 6

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity, and what is the effect on bone?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); increases bone resorption

Question 7

A patient suffers a greenstick fracture. Which population is this type of fracture most commonly seen in, and why?

Accepted Answer

Children; bones are more flexible and less mineralized

Question 8

Which bone marking is classified as a depression, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Fossa; accommodates another bone or structure

Question 9

A newborn's fontanels are important for which two reasons?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating passage through the birth canal and allowing brain growth

Question 10

Which spinal curvature is present at birth, and which develops with movement?

Accepted Answer

Primary (thoracic, sacral); secondary (cervical, lumbar)

Question 11

A patient with a meniscal tear in the knee is likely to experience which problem, and what is the function of the meniscus?

Accepted Answer

Increased friction; fibrocartilage pads for stability

Question 12

Which structure connects muscle to bone, and how does it differ from a ligament?

Accepted Answer

Tendon; connects muscle to bone

Question 13

In a third-class lever system, such as the biceps lifting a weight, where is the effort applied relative to the fulcrum and load?

Accepted Answer

Effort is between fulcrum and load

Question 14

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating overall bone growth, especially during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 15

A female pelvis is typically characterized by which features compared to a male pelvis?

Accepted Answer

Wide iliac crest, broad inlet, wider angle

Question 16

Which process is responsible for the formation of the fibrocartilaginous callus during bone repair, and what is its role?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilaginous callus formation; stabilizes fracture and bridges gap

Question 17

Which equation best represents the relationship between effort, load, and fulcrum in a first-class lever system?

Accepted Answer

$F_{effort} 	imes d_{effort} = F_{load} 	imes d_{load}$

Question 18

Which cell type maintains cartilage within lacunae, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Chondrocyte; maintains cartilage matrix

Question 19

Which bone cell type is derived from mesenchyme and is responsible for bone formation during development?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblast

Question 20

Which hormone decreases blood calcium levels, and what is its effect on bone?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; increases bone formation

Unit 3: Skeletal System – Cartilage, Bone, and Development Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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