Unit 5 Neurophysiology & CNS Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

Q1. List and describe the three major functions of the nervous system. Be able to give an everyday example that includes the three functions.

Background

Topic: Functions of the Nervous System

This question tests your understanding of the basic roles the nervous system plays in the body and your ability to apply these concepts to real-life situations.

Key Terms:

• Sensory function

• Integrative function

• Motor function

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Start by identifying the three main functions of the nervous system. Think about what the nervous system does from the moment it detects a change to the body's response.

2. For each function, write a brief description in your own words. Consider what role each function plays in processing information.

3. Think of a simple, everyday scenario (like touching a hot stove or hearing your name called) and break it down into the three functions. Which part of the scenario matches each function?

4. Make sure your example clearly shows all three functions working together in sequence.

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Q2. Compare and contrast the CNS and the PNS with respect to form and function.

Background

Topic: Organization of the Nervous System

This question asks you to distinguish between the central and peripheral nervous systems, focusing on their structure and roles.

Key Terms:

• CNS (Central Nervous System): brain and spinal cord

• PNS (Peripheral Nervous System): nerves outside the CNS

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Define what structures are included in the CNS and PNS.

2. Describe the main functions of each system. Consider what each system controls or coordinates.

3. List at least two similarities and two differences between the CNS and PNS in terms of structure and function.

4. Think about how the two systems interact to carry out nervous system functions.

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Q3. Define each of the following divisions: somatic sensory/afferent, visceral sensory/afferent, somatic motor/efferent, autonomic nervous system (visceral efferent), parasympathetic, and sympathetic.

Background

Topic: Divisions of the Nervous System

This question tests your ability to define and differentiate the major functional divisions of the nervous system.

Key Terms:

• Somatic sensory/afferent

• Visceral sensory/afferent

• Somatic motor/efferent

• Autonomic nervous system (visceral efferent)

• Parasympathetic

• Sympathetic

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. For each term, write a clear definition. Focus on what part of the body it serves and whether it is sensory (afferent) or motor (efferent).

2. For the autonomic nervous system, explain what 'visceral efferent' means and what organs it controls.

3. Describe the difference between the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions, including their general effects on the body.

4. Consider making a table or diagram to help organize the divisions and their functions.

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Q4. Differentiate between neurons and glial (neuroglia) cells.

Background

Topic: Nervous Tissue Cell Types

This question asks you to compare the two main types of cells in nervous tissue and their roles.

Key Terms:

• Neurons: excitable cells that transmit signals

• Glial cells (neuroglia): support cells

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. Define what a neuron is and its primary function in the nervous system.

2. Define what glial cells are and list at least two functions they perform.

3. List at least two differences between neurons and glial cells in terms of structure and function.

4. Think about why both cell types are necessary for nervous system function.

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Q5. Describe the functions of the four types of glial cells found in the CNS.

Background

Topic: Glial Cells of the CNS

This question tests your knowledge of the specific roles of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells.

Key Terms:

• Astrocytes

• Oligodendrocytes

• Microglia

• Ependymal cells

Step-by-Step Guidance

1. List the four types of glial cells found in the CNS.

2. For each cell type, write a brief description of its main function(s).

3. Consider how each cell type contributes to the health and function of neurons in the CNS.

4. Think about which cell type is responsible for forming myelin in the CNS.

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