Q: A person with a heart rate of 60 beats/min and a stroke volume of 70 mL has what cardiac output (CO)? Use the formula $$CO = HR \times SV.$$

$$CO = 60 \times 70 = 4200\,mL$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricle wall is thicker than the right ventricle wall?

Accepted Answer

The left ventricle pumps blood to the entire body, requiring higher pressure.

Question 2

During ventricular systole, which valves are open and what is the direction of blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Semilunar valves are open; blood flows from ventricles to arteries.

Question 3

A patient has an EDV of 120 mL and an ESV of 50 mL. What is their stroke volume (SV)? Use the formula $$SV = EDV - ESV.$$

Accepted Answer

$$SV = 120 - 50 = 70\,mL$$

Question 4

Which of the following is a major function of the tunica media in blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Maintains blood pressure through smooth muscle contraction.

Question 5

Which type of capillary is most likely to be found in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, and why?

Accepted Answer

Sinusoidal capillaries, because they have large gaps for passage of cells and proteins.

Question 6

A patient has a blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg. What is their mean arterial pressure (MAP)? Use the formula $$MAP = \frac{1}{3}(Systolic - Diastolic) + Diastolic.$$

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = \frac{1}{3}(130-80) + 80 = \frac{1}{3}(50) + 80 = 16.67 + 80 = 96.67\,mmHg$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the Frank-Starling law of the heart?

Accepted Answer

The greater the preload (EDV), the greater the force of contraction and stroke volume.

Question 8

Which of the following would most likely result in edema?

Accepted Answer

Decreased colloid osmotic pressure due to reduced plasma proteins.

Question 9

A person with a heart rate of 60 beats/min and a stroke volume of 70 mL has what cardiac output (CO)? Use the formula $$CO = HR 	imes SV.$$

Accepted Answer

$$CO = 60 	imes 70 = 4200\,mL$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of venous valves?

Accepted Answer

They prevent backflow of blood due to gravity, especially in the lower limbs.

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the electrical events of the heart?

Accepted Answer

The Purkinje fibers are the final part of the intrinsic conduction system.

Question 12

Which of the following would most likely increase peripheral resistance and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood viscosity.

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct effect of the vagal nerve (parasympathetic) on the heart?

Accepted Answer

It decreases heart rate.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

ANP acts as a vasodilator and decreases blood volume, lowering blood pressure.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow through the systemic circuit?

Accepted Answer

Elastic arteries → muscular arteries → arterioles → capillaries → venules → medium veins → large veins

Question 16

Which of the following would most likely occur after a large hemorrhage?

Accepted Answer

Decrease in stroke volume, cardiac output, and blood pressure.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about capillary hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

Hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid out of capillaries; colloid osmotic pressure pulls fluid in.

Question 18

Which artery is auscultated to measure blood pressure in the arm?

Accepted Answer

Brachial artery

Question 19

A person ascends to high altitude. Which of the following changes is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood viscosity, increased blood pressure, and increased heart rate.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between blood flow, pressure, and resistance? Use the formula $$F = \frac{\Delta P}{R}.$$

Accepted Answer

Blood flow is directly proportional to pressure difference and inversely proportional to resistance.

Unit Exam 2 Review – Heart and Blood Vessels (ANP College Course Study Guide)

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