Q: Which equation correctly represents the calculation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

$$\text{GFR} = \frac{U_x \times V}{P_x}$$

Q: Which chemical reaction best represents the breakdown of starch by salivary amylase?

$$\text{Starch} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow{\text{amylase}} \text{Maltose}$$

Q: Which of the following is a correct chemical equation for the digestion of triglycerides by pancreatic lipase?

$$\text{Triglyceride} + 3\ \text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow{\text{lipase}} \text{Glycerol} + 3\ \text{Fatty acids}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the nephron in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

To filter blood, reabsorb essential substances, and excrete waste as urine

Question 2

A patient presents with glucose in their urine (glycosuria). Which part of the nephron is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 3

Which of the following urinalysis findings is most indicative of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Accepted Answer

Presence of nitrites and leukocytes

Question 4

If a person is dehydrated, which hormone will increase to promote water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{GFR} = \frac{U_x 	imes V}{P_x}$$

Question 6

A patient with cystic fibrosis often has digestive issues due to malfunction of which organ?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Question 7

Which enzyme is responsible for the chemical digestion of proteins in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin

Question 8

During a PhysioEx experiment, you observe that increasing the concentration of substrate increases the rate of enzyme activity until a plateau is reached. What is this plateau called?

Accepted Answer

Vmax

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the passage of filtrate through the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Bowman's capsule → Proximal convoluted tubule → Loop of Henle → Distal convoluted tubule → Collecting duct

Question 10

A patient’s urinalysis reveals a high specific gravity. What does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of bile in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Emulsifies fats to increase surface area for lipase action

Question 12

Which of the following is a likely consequence of a blocked pancreatic duct in a patient with cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

Malabsorption of fats and proteins

Question 13

Which chemical reaction best represents the breakdown of starch by salivary amylase?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Starch} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} \xrightarrow{	ext{amylase}} 	ext{Maltose}$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why protein should not normally be present in urine?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are too large to pass through the glomerular filtration membrane

Question 15

Which of the following is the main site of nutrient absorption in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 16

A patient with metabolic acidosis would most likely have which of the following urine findings?

Accepted Answer

Low urine pH

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effect of aldosterone on the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Increases sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct chemical equation for the digestion of triglycerides by pancreatic lipase?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Triglyceride} + 3\ 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} \xrightarrow{	ext{lipase}} 	ext{Glycerol} + 3\ 	ext{Fatty acids}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why a patient with diabetes mellitus may have ketones in their urine?

Accepted Answer

Increased fat metabolism due to lack of insulin

Urinary and Digestive Systems: Lab Activities and Review Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards