Question 1

Which hormone produced by the kidneys is primarily responsible for stimulating red blood cell production in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 2

An older adult presents with frequent urination at night and reports feeling dizzy when getting up quickly. Which physiological change most likely contributes to these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Decline in night-time ADH production and postural blood pressure drop

Question 3

A patient complains of urine leakage when sneezing or laughing. Which type of urinary incontinence is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Stress incontinence

Question 4

Which of the following is a risk associated with nocturia in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Higher likelihood of falls due to rushing and postural hypotension

Question 5

Which structure surrounds the bladder neck and urethra and may cause bladder outlet obstruction in older males?

Accepted Answer

Prostate gland

Question 6

A 75-year-old male presents with difficulty urinating and a weak stream. On examination, his prostate is enlarged but smooth and rubbery. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of proteins

Question 8

A patient with urge incontinence experiences involuntary contractions of which muscle?

Accepted Answer

Detrusor muscle

Question 9

Which of the following is a known risk factor for prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Inherited mutation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes

Question 10

During a reproductive assessment, which structure is found in both male and female anatomy?

Accepted Answer

Urethra

Question 11

Which equation best represents the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI) used during objective data collection?

Accepted Answer

$$ BMI = \frac{weight\ (kg)}{$$height^2$$\ (m^2$)} $$

Question 12

A nurse is assessing a patient for urinary symptoms. Which of the following is considered subjective data?

Accepted Answer

Patient reports burning on urination

Question 13

Which of the following changes is commonly seen in the female reproductive system after menopause?

Accepted Answer

Uterus shrinks and may prolapse into the vagina

Question 14

A patient is unable to reach the toilet in time due to mobility issues, resulting in urine leakage. What type of incontinence is this?

Accepted Answer

Functional incontinence

Question 15

Which of the following is a recommended health promotion strategy for reducing the risk of cervical cancer?

Accepted Answer

HPV vaccination for individuals under 26 years of age

Question 16

A nurse is performing a breast palpation. Which finding should be reported immediately to a physician?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a singular, immobile lump with nipple retraction

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the hormone calcitriol produced by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism

Question 18

A patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is at risk for which urinary complication?

Accepted Answer

Urinary retention due to bladder outlet obstruction

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the ageing male reproductive system is correct?

Accepted Answer

Prostate gland enlarges and may develop scar-like tissue

Question 20

A nurse is collecting objective data on a patient with suspected genitourinary issues. Which of the following should be included in the assessment?

Accepted Answer

Inspection of lower abdomen and genitalia for discharge or excoriation

Urinary and Reproductive System: Structure, Function, and Assessment

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