Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood pressure, removal of metabolic wastes, and maintenance of electrolyte balance

Question 2

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is influenced by three main pressures. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary arterial pressure

Question 3

If the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is 120 mL/min and the plasma concentration of glucose is 1 mg/mL, what is the amount of glucose filtered per minute?

$$	ext{Filtered~glucose} = 	ext{GFR} 	imes 	ext{Plasma~concentration}$$

Accepted Answer

$$120~	ext{mg/min}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the three filtration barriers from glomerular capillaries to the lumen of Bowman’s capsule?

Accepted Answer

Fenestrated endothelium, basement membrane, podocyte filtration slits

Question 5

Which renal process occurs primarily in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

Reabsorption

Question 6

A patient has a plasma creatinine concentration of 2 mg/mL, a GFR of 100 mL/min, and a urine flow rate of 1 mL/min. If creatinine is neither reabsorbed nor secreted, what is the amount excreted per minute?

$$	ext{Excreted~creatinine} = 	ext{Urine~flow~rate} 	imes 	ext{Urine~concentration}$$

Accepted Answer

$$2~	ext{mg/min}$$

Question 7

Which hormone is released by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney in response to low blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Renin

Question 8

Which of the following substances is most likely to be secreted into the renal tubules?

Accepted Answer

Potassium ions

Question 9

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) primarily regulates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure and sodium balance

Question 10

During dehydration, which hormone increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 11

Which cell type in the seminiferous tubules supports and nourishes developing sperm cells?

Accepted Answer

Sertoli cells

Question 12

Which hormone stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis produces one functional ovum per cycle, while spermatogenesis produces millions of sperm per cycle.

Question 14

During the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating follicle growth?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 15

Which event marks the beginning of the luteal phase in the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

Ovulation

Question 16

Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the regeneration of the endometrial lining?

Accepted Answer

Proliferative phase

Question 17

Estrogen has several physiological effects. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Accepted Answer

Increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Fusion of a sperm cell with an egg cell to form a zygote

Question 19

A patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus has a plasma glucose concentration of 4 mg/mL, a GFR of 100 mL/min, and a renal threshold for glucose reabsorption of 2 mg/mL. How much glucose will be excreted per minute?

$$	ext{Excreted~glucose} = (	ext{Filtered~glucose} - 	ext{Reabsorbed~glucose})$$ 
$$	ext{Filtered~glucose} = 	ext{GFR} 	imes 	ext{Plasma~concentration}$$ 
$$	ext{Reabsorbed~glucose} = 	ext{GFR} 	imes 	ext{Renal~threshold}$$

Accepted Answer

$$200~	ext{mg/min}$$

Urinary and Reproductive Systems: Study Guide for Exam 4

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