Q: Which equation would you use to calculate the specific gravity of urine using a refractometer?

$$ \text{Specific Gravity} = \frac{\text{Density of urine}}{\text{Density of water}} $$

Question 1

Which structure in the kidney is responsible for the initial filtration of blood to form urine?

Accepted Answer

Glomerulus

Question 2

A urine sample is tested with a refractometer and shows a specific gravity of 1.030. What does this indicate about the urine?

Accepted Answer

The urine is concentrated, possibly indicating dehydration.

Question 3

Which type of epithelium lines the mucosa of the urinary bladder, allowing it to stretch as the bladder fills?

Accepted Answer

Transitional epithelium

Question 4

During a fetal pig dissection, you are asked to identify the structure that transports urine from the kidney to the bladder. Which structure should you point out?

Accepted Answer

Ureter

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a normal component of urine as detected by Labstix?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 6

If a urinalysis reveals the presence of protein in the urine, which kidney structure is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule

Question 7

Which muscle is responsible for contracting and expelling urine from the urinary bladder?

Accepted Answer

Detrusor muscle

Question 8

A patient’s urine output is measured at 500 mL/day. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Oliguria

Question 9

Which structure in the sheep kidney collects urine from the renal papilla and channels it toward the renal pelvis?

Accepted Answer

Major calyx

Question 10

If the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is calculated using the formula $$ 	ext{GFR} = \frac{	ext{Urine concentration} 	imes 	ext{Urine flow rate}}{	ext{Plasma concentration}} $$, what would happen to GFR if plasma concentration increases while other variables remain constant?

Accepted Answer

GFR would decrease.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the renal corpuscle?

Accepted Answer

Filtration of blood plasma

Question 12

A urinalysis using Labstix reveals ketones in the urine. Which condition is most likely associated with this finding?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 13

Which structure is found between the renal pyramids and serves as a supportive tissue in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Renal columns

Question 14

In a cross-section of the ureter, which type of epithelium is observed lining the lumen?

Accepted Answer

Transitional epithelium

Question 15

Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for reabsorbing glucose from the filtrate?

Accepted Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Question 16

A patient presents with abnormal urine containing blood. Which structure is most likely compromised?

Accepted Answer

Glomerulus

Question 17

Which equation would you use to calculate the specific gravity of urine using a refractometer?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Specific Gravity} = \frac{	ext{Density of urine}}{	ext{Density of water}} $$

Question 18

Which structure in the fetal pig is unique to females and is involved in the urinary and reproductive systems?

Accepted Answer

Urogenital papilla

Question 19

If a patient’s urine contains abnormally high levels of urea, which process in the kidney is most likely functioning normally?

Accepted Answer

Filtration at the glomerulus

Question 20

Which structure is the final collecting area for urine before it enters the ureter in the sheep kidney?

Accepted Answer

Renal pelvis

Urinary System: Lab Practical Study Guide

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